PESQUISA VETERINÁRIA BRASILEIRA

Abstract in English:

Obesity is considered a chronic inflammatory process that is related to metabolic impairment, respiratory distress, and cardiovascular disease. In cats, few studies have evaluated the implications of obesity on the cardiovascular system, and the existing literature is controversial. Therefore, the aim of this study is to detect pressure, electrocardiographic, and morphofunctional changes in overweight and obese cats. After clinical and laboratory evaluation, 45 animals were selected for the study. Cats were separated according to body condition score (BCS) into three groups (control, overweight, and obese). All animals underwent blood pressure measurement, electrocardiogram, and transthoracic echocardiogram. Results are presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD). Data were considered statistically significant at p<0.05. GraphPad Prism® 7.04 software was used for statistical analyses. Mean arterial pressure in obese cats was higher than in animals with ideal weight (CT 123.60 ± 8.97mmHg vs OB 143.00 ± 22.12mmHg, p<0.0138), but hypertension was not detected. On the electrocardiogram, P wave duration (CT 33.67 ± 1.56ms vs OB 37.76 ± 2.76ms; p<0.0003) and QRS complex (CT 48.14 ± 2.56ms vs OB 54.48 ± 5.51ms; p<0.002) were significantly higher in the obese group. There were no significant echocardiographic changes. There was a direct correlation between blood pressure and BCS (r:0.36, p<0.01). The P wave was positively correlated with the BCS (r:0.56, p<0.0001). Likewise, the QRS complex correlated directly with the BCS (r:0.52, p<0.0003). The results indicate cat obesity can directly affect the cardiovascular system, promoting pressure and electrocardiographic changes. Therefore, monitoring the cardiovascular system of cats with obesity is essential.

• Obesity cat blood pressure heart electrocardiogram echocardiogram

Abstract in Portuguese:

A obesidade é considerada um processo inflamatório crônico que está relacionada ao comprometimento metabólico, dificuldade respiratória e doenças cardiovasculares. Em gatos, poucos estudos avaliaram as implicações da obesidade no sistema cardiovascular e a literatura é controversa. Portanto, o objetivo deste trabalho é detectar as alterações pressóricas, eletrocardiográficas e morfofuncionais em gatos com sobrepeso e obesidade. Quarenta e cinco animais, após avaliação clínica e laboratorial, foram selecionados para o estudo. Os gatos foram separados conforme o escore de condição corporal (ECC) em três grupos (controle, sobrepeso e obesidade). Todos os animais realizaram mensuração de pressão arterial, eletrocardiograma e ecocardiograma transtorácico. Os resultados foram apresentados como média ± desvio padrão (DP). Os dados foram considerados estatisticamente significativos se p<0,05. O software GraphPad Prism® 7.04 foi usado para análises estatísticas. A pressão arterial média dos gatos obesos era maior que nos animais com peso ideal (CT 123,60 ± 8,97mmHg vs OB 143,00 ± 22,12mmHg, p<0,0138), porém não se detectou hipertensão. No eletrocardiograma, a duração da onda P (CT 33,67 ± 1,56ms vs OB 37,76 ± 2,76ms; p<0,0003) e complexo QRS (CT 48,14 ± 2,56ms vs OB 54,48 ± 5,51ms; p<0,002) foi significativamente maior no grupo obeso. Não houve alterações ecocardiográficas significativas. Houve correlação direta da pressão arterial com o ECC (r:0,36, p<0,01). A onda P correlacionou-se positivamente com o ECC (r:0,56, p<0,0001). Do mesmo modo, o complexo QRS se correlacionou diretamente com o ECC (r:0,52, p<0,0003). Os resultados indicam que a obesidade em gatos pode afetar diretamente o sistema cardiovascular, promovendo alterações pressóricas e eletrocardiográficas. Sendo assim, é indispensável o acompanhamento do sistema cardiovascular dos gatos com obesidade.

• Obesidade gato pressão arterial coração eletrocardiograma ecocardiograma

Abstract in English:

Retrospective studies that address the diseases in the feline species are scarce. Herein, we presented the cause of death or euthanasia of cats from January 2020 to December 2021, during the first and second years of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. The data were obtained from necropsies performed by the Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro and the Federal University of Mato Grosso. A total of 96 feline necropsies were performed. In 87 cases (90.6%), we established the reason for death, while in nine cases (9.4%), the diagnoses were inconclusive. We established the diagnostic groups: infectious and parasitic (37.5%), neoplasm (14.5%), malformation (7.3%), lower urinary tract disease (7.3%), degenerative (6.2%), traumas (6.2%), other causes (8.4%) and iatrogenic (3.1%). The most common cat diseases in Mato Grosso and Rio de Janeiro were infectious. The most common inflammatory lesions were bacterial and viral pneumonia. Alphaherpesvirus (FeHV), Mycoplasma sp., and Pseudomonas sp. were the main detected agents.

• Infectious diseases diseases of feline cats pneumonia immunohistochemistry RT-PCR

Abstract in Portuguese:

Estudos retrospectivos que abordam doenças em felinos domésticos são escassos. Apresentamos aqui a causa da morte ou razões para eutanásia de gatos domésticos entre janeiro de 2020 e dezembro de 2021, durante o primeiro e segundo ano da pandemia de SARS-CoV-2. Os dados foram obtidos em necropsias realizadas pela Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro e Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso. Foram realizadas 96 necropsias de felinos. Em 87 casos (90,6%) foi estabelecido a causa da morte e em nove casos (9,4%) os diagnósticos foram inconclusivos. Estabelecemos os grupos diagnósticos: infecciosos e parasitários (37,5%), neoplasias (14,5%), malformações (7,3%), doenças do trato urinário inferior (7,3%), degenerativas (6,2%), traumas (6,2%), outras causas (8,4%) e iatrogênicas (3,1%). As doenças mais frequentes em gatos do Mato Grosso e Rio de Janeiro foram as infecciosas. As lesões inflamatórias mais frequentes foram as pneumonias bacterianas e virais. Os principais agentes detectados foram Alphaherpesvirus (FeHV), Mycoplasma sp. e Pseudomonas sp.

• Doenças infecciosas doenças de felinos felinos pneumonia imuno-histoquímica RT-qPCR

Abstract in English:

The primary antibody in the mucous membranes and exocrine glands is a polymetric secretory immunoglobulin A. This immunoglobulin has been used as an indicator of stress in various animals, including nonhuman primates, and can also be used to monitor immune activity. The secretory immunoglobulin A is predominantly found in seromucous secretions such as saliva, tears, colostrum, milk, and liquor, as well as tracheobronchial, intestinal, and genitourinary secretions. This study aimed to measure the salivary IgA levels in Callithrix jacchus (common marmoset) by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test (ELISA). Twelve pairs of animals were used, previously conditioned by the operant conditioning technique with positive reinforcement to saliva collection. Samples were collected once a week for six months. In this experiment, the salivary secretory immunoglobulin A concentrations in Callithrix jacchus were very low. We suggest new studies using other techniques to quantify the IgA quantities in the saliva of these animals.

• Immunoglobulin A salivary Callithrix jacchus marmoset measurement

Abstract in Portuguese:

O principal anticorpo presente nas mucosas e glândulas exócrinas é uma IgA polimétrica denominada sIgA. Esta imunoglobulina vem sendo utilizada como indicadora de estresse em diversos animais incluindo primatas não humanos, podendo também ser utilizada para o monitoramento da atividade imunológica. A imunoglobulina A secretora é encontrada predominantemente em secreções seromucosas, como saliva, lágrimas, colostro, leite, liquor, bem como secreções traqueobrônquicas, intestinais e geniturinárias. O objetivo deste estudo foi mensurar os níveis da IgA salivar em Callithrix jacchus (sagui comum) através do teste de imunoabsorção enzimática (ELISA). Doze pares de animais foram previamente condicionados pela técnica de condicionamento operante com reforço positivo à coleta de saliva. As amostras foram coletadas uma vez por semana por seis meses. Neste experimento as concentrações de imunoglobulina salivar A secretora em Callithrix jacchus foram muito baixas. Nós sugerimos novos estudos utilizando outras técnicas para quantificar a IgA na saliva desses animais.

• Imunoglobulina A saliva Callithrix jacchus sagui medidas

Abstract in English:

There are reports of septicemic salmonellosis in exotic birds caused by Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium, although they are scarce and do not address the anatomopathological and immunohistochemical aspects of this condition in blue-fronted Amazon parrots (Amazona aestiva). This study aims to report an outbreak of salmonellosis by S. Typhimurium in 15 blue-fronted parrots introduced to a rehabilitation center in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Hepatomegaly and splenomegaly, accompanied by flat white areas in the capsule and parenchyma, were the most frequent gross changes, histologically represented by necrotic and heterophilic hepatitis and splenitis and associated with bacteria in the cytoplasm of macrophages and free in the affected tissue. S. Typhimurium was identified from bacterial culture, PCR, and DNA sequencing. Along with immunohistochemistry samples of liver, spleen, kidney, small intestine, pancreas, thyroid, heart, and lung, immunostaining was used for Salmonella spp. without previous bacterial isolation. The lethality of this outbreak demonstrates the relevance of salmonellosis in blue-fronted parrots, which are known to be carriers of this bacteria.

• One health carriers hepatic necrosis splenitis immunohistochemistry

Abstract in Portuguese:

Apesar de existirem relatos sobre salmonelose septicêmica em aves silvestres por Salmonella enterica sorovar Typhimurium, eles são escassos e não abordam os aspectos anatomopatológicos e imuno-histoquímicos da condição em papagaios-verdadeiros (Amazona aestiva). Este trabalho visou relatar um surto de salmonelose por S. Typhimurium em 15 papagaios-verdadeiros introduzidos em um centro de reabilitação localizado no estado de Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil. Hepatomegalia e esplenomegalia acompanhadas por áreas planas brancacentas na cápsula e no parênquima foram as alterações macroscópicas mais frequentes, representadas histologicamente por hepatite e esplenite necróticas e heterofílicas associadas a bactérias no citoplasma de macrófagos e livres no tecido afetado. S. Typhimurium foi identificada a partir de cultura bacteriana, PCR e sequenciamento de DNA. Na imuno-histoquímica, as amostras de fígado, baço, rim, intestino delgado, pâncreas, tireoide, coração e pulmão evidenciaram imunomarcação para Salmonella spp., mesmo quando não houve isolamento bacteriano prévio. A alta letalidade deste surto demonstra relevância da salmonelose em papagaios-verdadeiros, que são majoritariamente atribuídos como hospedeiros carreadores desta bactéria.

• Saúde única carreadores necrose hepática esplenite imuno-histoquímica

Abstract in English:

Toxoplasma gondii can be eliminated in bovine semen. Cryopreserved semen is often used due to the fact that artificial insemination in dairy and beef cattle provides benefits in terms of production. However, little is known regarding the viability and infectivity of T. gondii tachyzoites in cryopreserved bovine semen. In the present study, cattle semen negative for T. gondii were contaminated with 1 x 106 tachyzoites (RH strain) and cryopreserved with and without different cryoprotectants, such as DMSO (concentrations of 2.5%, 5.0%, 7.5%, 8.0% and 10.0%) and glycerol (2.25%, 2.5%, 3.0%, 5.0%, 7.5% and 10.0%), followed by freezing in liquid nitrogen (-196°C). After 24 hours, the samples were thawed and inoculated in 10 mice per cryoprotectant concentration. The mice were evaluated for clinical signs of toxoplasmosis (rough coat, diarrhea, hypoactivity and sudden death) as well as serum titers of IgM and IgG and the presence of tachyzoites in the peritoneal lavage. The results revealed that T. gondii remained infective in all samples. Clinical signs of toxoplasmosis were observed in the mice beginning with the 6th day post-inoculation (DPI) and 100% lethality was found between the 7th and 9th DPI. Viable tachyzoites were recovered from peritoneal exudate of dead mice (except for the control group), with higher mean of tachyzoite counts in the intraperitoneal lavage for 5% DMSO (±3.32 x 106), 8% DMSO (±3.53 x 106), 3% glycerol (±4.75 x 106), 7.5% glycerol (±6.26 x 106) and the absence of cryoprotectant (±3.11 x 106). Seroconversion occurred in the treated groups, with titers of IgG from 1:16 to 1:128 and IgM from 1:16 to 1:512. T. gondii viability and infectivity were maintained in cattle semen during 24 hours of cryopreservation at -196°C with and without cryoprotectant. However, further studies are necessary to determine whether cryopreserved semen contributes to the spread of toxoplasmosis through artificial insemination.

• Toxoplasma gondii cattle cryopreservation cryoprotectant DMSO glycerol toxoplasmosis semen samples RH strain IFI

Abstract in Portuguese:

Sabe-se que Toxoplasma gondii pode ser eliminado no sêmen bovino. A inseminação artificial em bovinos leiteiros e de corte proporcionou avanços e benefícios nas produções e para isso o sêmen criopreservado é frequentemente utilizado. No entanto, pouco se sabe sobre a viabilidade e infectividade dos taquizoítos de T. gondii em sêmen bovino criopreservado. Para isso o sêmen bovino, negativo para T. gondii, foi contaminado com 1x106 taquizoítos (cepa RH), criopreservados com ou sem diferentes crioprotetores como DMSO (2.5%, 5.0%, 7.5%, 8.0% e 10.0%) e Glicerol (2.25%, 2.5%, 3.0%, 5.0%, 7.5% e 10.0%) e congelados em nitrogênio líquido (-196°C). Após 24 horas, essas amostras foram descongeladas e inoculadas em 10 camundongos por diluente de concentração de crioprotetor. Os camundongos foram avaliados quanto a sinais clínicos de toxoplasmose (pele áspera, diarreia, hipoatividade e morte súbita), títulos séricos de IgM e IgG e presença de taquizoítos no lavado peritoneal. Os resultados mostraram que T. gondii se manteve infectante em todas as amostras, inclusive naquelas sem crioprotetor. Sinais clínicos de toxoplasmose foram observados nos camundongos a partir do 6º dia pós-inoculação (DPI) e 100% de letalidade foi verificada entre o 7º ao 9º DPI. Nos camundongos mortos, exceto no grupo controle, taquizoítos viáveis foram recuperados do exsudato peritoneal, com maior média de taquizoítos quantificados na lavagem intraperitoneal para DMSO a 5% (±3.32x106), 8% (±3.53x106) e glicerol 3% (±4.75x106), 7,5% (±6.26x106) e livre de crioprotetor (±3.11x106). A soroconversão ocorreu nos grupos tratados com títulos de IgG (1:16 a 1:128) e IgM (1:16 a 1:512). A viabilidade e infectividade do T. gondii no sêmen bovino durante as 24 horas de criopreservação a -196°C foram mantidas com ou sem crioprotetor. No entanto, mais estudos são necessários para verificar se o sêmen criopreservado contribui para a disseminação da toxoplasmose na inseminação artificial.

• Toxoplasma gondii bovinos criopreservação crioprotetores DMSO glicerol toxoplasmose amostras seminais cepa RH RIFI

Abstract in English:

Seven hundred twenty cases of oral cavity lesions in dogs were diagnosed from 2015 to 2020 in Distrito Federal, Brazil. Four hundred thirty-two (60%) lesions were neoplastic, and 288 (40%) were non-neoplastic. Of the neoplasms, 229 (53%) were considered malignant and 203 (47%) benign, affecting mainly males, of 43 different breeds, with an average age of 9.4 years, mainly the gum and lip. Melanoma was the most (96/432, 22.2%) commonly diagnosed neoplasm, followed by peripheral odontogenic fibroma (68/432, 15.7%), papilloma (63/432, 14.5%) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) (56/432, 12.9%). Non-neoplastic lesions also affected males predominantly, from 41 different breeds, with an average age of 8.9 years, mainly in the gums, lip, and tongue. These lesions were diagnosed as inflammatory (230/288, 79.8%), hyperplastic (47/288, 16.3%) and other lesions (11/288, 3.8%).

• Oral pathology diseases of dogs neoplasm canine visceral leishmaniosis dogs

Abstract in Portuguese:

Foram estudados 720 casos de lesões na cavidade oral em cães diagnosticados entre 2015 e 2020, no Distrito Federal. Dessas alterações, 432 (60%) foram neoplásicas e 288 (40%) não neoplásicas. Dentre os neoplasmas, 229 (53%) foram consideradas malignos e 203 (47%) benignos, acometendo principalmente machos, de 43 raças diferentes, com idade média 9,4 anos, afetando principalmente gengiva e lábio. Melanoma foi o neoplasma mais comumente diagnosticado (96/432; 22,2%), seguido do fibroma odontogênico periférico (68/432; 15,7%), papiloma (63/432; 14,5%) e carcinoma de células escamosas (56/432; 12,9%). As lesões não neoplásicas também acometeram predominantemente machos, de 41 raças diferentes, com idade média 8,9 anos, afetando principalmente gengiva, lábio e língua. Essas lesões foram diagnosticadas como inflamatórias (230/288; 79,8%), hiperplásicas (47/288; 16,3%) e como outras alterações (11/288; 3,8%).

• Patologia oral doenças de cães neoplasma leishmaniose visceral canina cães

Abstract in English:

This study collected samples from 50 Holstein cows, most intensively bred, and from the Campos Gerais region, Paraná, with an average milk production of 30.21L/day. Samples of the liver, spleen and lymph nodes were collected to determine the levels of copper, cobalt, iron, molybdenum and zinc. Spleen and lymph nodes were subjected to histological analysis and evaluation of the degree of hemosiderosis. The average concentrations of copper (495.05ppm), molybdenum (4.19ppm), and zinc (274.49ppm) were higher than those established for the bovines. For cobalt 26% of the animals presented levels below the established level, which characterized cobalt deficiency. Only iron (299.12ppm) exhibited an adequate average level. Histopathologically hemosiderosis was observed mainly in the spleen (78%) and less frequently in the lymph nodes (20%). The observation of hemosiderin in the spleen and lymph nodes is not related to copper deficiency. Still it may be related to high levels of molybdenum, zinc, iron, or other undetermined causes.

• Cattle mineral deficiency liver microminerals hemosiderosis Brazil

Abstract in Portuguese:

Para este estudo foram coletadas amostras de 50 vacas, da raça Holandesa, a maior parte criada intensivamente e oriunda da região dos Campos Gerais/PR, com média individual de produção de leite de 30,21L/dia. Foram coletadas amostras de fígado, baço e linfonodos para determinação dos níveis de cobre (Cu), cobalto (Co), ferro (Fe), molibdênio (Mo) e zinco (Zn). Baço e linfonodo foram submetidos à análise histológica e avaliação do grau de hemossiderose. A média das concentrações de Cu (495,05ppm), Mo (4,19ppm) e Zn (274,49ppm) encontrava-se acima dos níveis estabelecidos para bovinos. Para o Co, observou-se que 26% dos animais apresentaram níveis abaixo do estabelecido, o que caracterizou deficiência de Co. Apenas o Fe (299,12ppm) apresentou níveis médios adequados. Na histopatologia, hemossiderose foi observada, principalmente no baço (78%) e com menos frequência nos linfonodos (20%). A observação de hemossiderina no baço e linfonodos não está relacionada à deficiência de Cu, porém pode estar relacionada a elevados níveis de Mo, Zn e Fe ou a outras causas não determinadas.

• Bovinos deficiência mineral microminerais fígado hemossiderose Brasil

Abstract in English:

Laminitis is a disease that affects the dermis and epidermis of the bovine hoof, generating changes in the hoof capsule. This study evaluated the effects of clinical laminitis diagnosed after the adaptation phase to confinement on the morphology, density, and mineral composition of the hoof of Nellore cattle after finishing. The animals were separated in the first weeks of confinement into a sick group (SG), with clinical laminitis, and a healthy group (HG). SG animals had higher heel length, dorsal wall length, toe height, and diagonal hoof length (p<0.05) than healthy animals. The dermal laminae had similar measurements for thickness, length, and spacing between them between SG and HG. Animals with laminitis showed congestion, hemorrhage, and basement membrane irregularities on histology. Computed microtomography (µCT) revealed that the hoof density of sick animals is lower than healthy ones. According to the mineral composition by energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (ED-XRF) spectrometry, the hooves of animals with laminitis (SG) and healthy ones (HG) were not biochemically different. Therefore, the occurrence of clinical laminitis in Nellore cattle in the first weeks of confinement causes an increase in the morphometric parameters of the hoof capsule and a reduction in the density of the abaxial hoof wall evaluated after the finishing period. This disease does not promote changes in the histomorphometric parameters of the dermal laminae and the percentage of minerals in the abaxial hoof wall.

• Biochemistry lameness X-ray fluorescence spectrometry histology computed microtomography hoof Nellore cattle

Abstract in Portuguese:

A laminite é uma doença que afeta a derme e epiderme do casco de bovinos gerando alterações no estojo córneo. O estudo avaliou os efeitos da laminite clínica diagnosticada após a fase de adaptação ao confinamento na morfologia, densidade e composição mineral do casco de bovinos da raça Nelore após terminação. Nas primeiras semanas de confinamento, os animais foram separados em um grupo doente (GD) com laminite clínica e em um grupo saudável (GS). Os animais do GD apresentaram maior comprimento de talão, comprimento da parede dorsal, altura da pinça e comprimento diagonal do casco (p<0,05) do que os saudáveis. As lâminas dérmicas tiveram medidas semelhantes para espessura, comprimento e espaçamento entre elas entre GD e GS. Animais doentes apresentaram congestão, hemorragia e irregularidades da membrana basal na histologia. A microtomografia computadorizada (µCT) revelou que a densidade do casco de animais doentes é menor do que o saudável. Para a composição mineral por meio da espectrometria de fluorescência de raio-X por dispersão de energia (ED-XRF), o casco dos animais doentes (GD) e dos saudáveis (GS), não se mostraram diferentes bioquimicamente. Conclui-se que a ocorrência de laminite clínica em bovinos da raça Nelore nas primeiras semanas de confinamento ocasiona aumento de parâmetros morfométricos do estojo córneo e redução da densidade da parede abaxial do casco, avaliados após o período de terminação. Essa enfermidade não promove modificações nos parâmetros histomorfométricos das lâminas dérmicas e na porcentagem de minerais da parede abaxial do casco.

• Bioquímica claudicação espectrometria de fluorescência de raio-X histologia microtomografia computadorizada casco Nelore bovinos

Abstract in English:

The samples were taken from 106 cows with various-looking lesions on their teats and ranged in age from 2 to 8 years. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) antigen (Ag) positive for the bovine papillomavirus (BPV) was found in 59 (55.7%) blood serum samples. PCR using FAP59/64 primers was positive for 24 (22.6%) samples. BPV-2 (40, 37.7%), BPV-6 (28, 26.4%), BPV-8 (30, 28.3%), BPV-9 (36, 34%), BPV-10 (32, 30.3%), and BPV-12 (22, 20.8%) were found in a PCR type-specific analysis of single and mixed type teat warts. The highest positivity was observed in BPV-2, BPV-9 and BPV-10 in flat and round forms, BPV-6, BPV-10, BPV-12, and mixed types in rice grain-cauliflower forms, BPV-9 and mixed types in filiform in the distribution of types based on the macroscopic appearance of teat lesions. As for the distribution of BPV types according to age, the most BPV-2 types were found in the age group of two years, the most BPV-10 types in the age group of three years, the most BPV-9 types in the age group of four years, the most BPV-8+BPV-12 types in the age group of five years, and the most mixed types between the ages of six and eight years. The existence of the virus was then checked using electron microscopy on the chosen samples (at least one investigation was conducted), and it was positively identified using BPV type-specific primers. The authors concluded that BPV detection using an ELISA (Ag) test from blood serum samples was shown to be less sensitive than BPV type-specific PCR from wart samples.

• Bovine papillomavirus pathology diagnosis teat virology cows

Abstract in Portuguese:

The samples were taken from 106 cows with various-looking lesions on their teats and ranged in age from 2 to 8 years. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) antigen (Ag) positive for the bovine papillomavirus (BPV) was found in 59 (55.7%) blood serum samples. PCR using FAP59/64 primers was positive for 24 (22.6%) samples. BPV-2 (40, 37.7%), BPV-6 (28, 26.4%), BPV-8 (30, 28.3%), BPV-9 (36, 34%), BPV-10 (32, 30.3%), and BPV-12 (22, 20.8%) were found in a PCR type-specific analysis of single and mixed type teat warts. The highest positivity was observed in BPV-2, BPV-9 and BPV-10 in flat and round forms, BPV-6, BPV-10, BPV-12, and mixed types in rice grain-cauliflower forms, BPV-9 and mixed types in filiform in the distribution of types based on the macroscopic appearance of teat lesions. As for the distribution of BPV types according to age, the most BPV-2 types were found in the age group of two years, the most BPV-10 types in the age group of three years, the most BPV-9 types in the age group of four years, the most BPV-8+BPV-12 types in the age group of five years, and the most mixed types between the ages of six and eight years. The existence of the virus was then checked using electron microscopy on the chosen samples (at least one investigation was conducted), and it was positively identified using BPV type-specific primers. The authors concluded that BPV detection using an ELISA (Ag) test from blood serum samples was shown to be less sensitive than BPV type-specific PCR from wart samples.

• Bovine papillomavirus pathology diagnosis teat virology cows

Abstract in English:

In this retrospective study, the clinical and anatomopathological findings of fungal diseases in dogs and cats in Northeastern Brazil are described. During the study period, 6,827 histopathological examinations (4,090 necropsies and 2,737 biopsies) of companion animals were reviewed, and fungal infections were diagnosed in 54 cases. Of these, 32 cases were diagnosed in cats and 22 in dogs. Sporotrichosis was the most prevalent mycosis (19/54), followed by dermatophytosis (9/54), cryptococcosis (8/54), candidiasis (7/54), and phaeohyphomycosis (4/54). Other diseases had two cases each, including aspergillosis, mucormycosis, and histoplasmosis, whereas coccidioidomycosis occurred once. Mycoses were diagnosed through microscopic lesions associated with the histomorphological characteristics of the agent, as evidenced by routine and special histochemical stains. They were occasionally confirmed by immunohistochemistry and microbiological cultivation. This retrospective study showed that despite being uncommon, fungal diseases are important causes of death in dogs and cats in the region, with cats being the most affected species and sporotrichosis being the most prevalent mycosis. Clinical signs were correlated with the portal of entry of the infection associated with localized or disseminated superficial and deep skin lesions or affecting parenchymal organs, especially in systemic infections. Microscopic lesions were mainly characterized by pyogranulomatous inflammation associated with fungal structures. In dogs, mycoses occurred mainly owing to an immunological impairment secondary to canine distemper virus co-infection.

• Fungal diseases dogs cats company animals immunosuppression mycoses special staining techniques histomorphological characteristics

Abstract in Portuguese:

Neste estudo retrospectivo, são descritos os achados clínicos e anatomopatológicos das doenças fúngicas em cães e gatos no Nordeste do Brasil. Durante o período de estudo, foram revisados 6.827 exames histopatológicos (4.090 necropsias e 2.737 biópsias) de animais de companhia e diagnosticados 54 casos de infecções fúngicas. Destes, 32 casos foram diagnosticados em gatos e 22 em cães. A esporotricose foi a micose mais prevalente (19/54), seguida pela dermatofitose (9/54), criptococose (8/54), candidíase (7/54) e feo-hifomicose (4/54). Outras doenças tiveram dois casos cada, incluindo aspergilose, mucormicose e histoplasmose, enquanto a coccidioidomicose ocorreu uma vez. As micoses foram diagnosticadas por meio das lesões microscópicas associadas às características histomorfológicas do agente, evidenciadas pelas colorações de rotina e histoquímicas especiais, e ocasionalmente confirmadas pela imuno-histoquímica e cultivo microbiológico. Esse estudo retrospectivo demonstrou que apesar de incomuns, as doenças fúngicas são importantes causas de morte em cães e gatos da região, sendo os gatos a espécie mais afetada e a esporotricose, a micose mais prevalente. Os sinais clínicos estavam correlacionados com a porta de entrada da infecção, associados a lesões cutâneas localizadas ou disseminadas superficiais e profundas ou afetando órgãos parenquimatosos, especialmente em infecções sistêmicas. As lesões microscópicas eram caracterizadas principalmente por inflamação piogranulomatosa associada a estruturas fúngicas. Nos cães, as micoses ocorreram principalmente devido ao comprometimento imunológico secundária a coinfecção pelo vírus da cinomose canina.

• Doenças fúngicas cães gatos animais de companhia imunossupressão micoses técnicas especiais de coloração características histomorfológicas