Resultado da pesquisa (494)
Termo utilizado na pesquisa Pathology
#1 - Histiocytic sarcoma in dogs: epidemiology, anatomopathology, and immunohistochemistry
Abstract in English:
Histiocytic sarcomas have been described in veterinary medicine since 1980, but studies on the subject are still scarce. Based on this, the objective of this article is to describe the epidemiological, anatomopathological and immunohistochemical aspects of histiocytic sarcoma in dogs submitted to necropsy in a diagnostic service covering the midwestern region of Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. From 2007 to 2021, 4,310 dogs were necropsied, of which 598 died or were euthanized due to some type of cancer. At least 18 cases of histiocytic sarcoma were diagnosed, i.e., 3% of cancer deaths and 0.4% of total deaths. The criterion used to establish the definitive diagnosis and inclusion in the study was an interaction between characteristic histopathology and positive immunostaining for CD204. Almost all (17/18, 94.4%) of these patients were of a defined breed and were large, with the vast majority (14/18, 77.8%) being Rottweiler. There was a predominance of disseminated histiocytic sarcoma (15/18, 83.3%) affecting several organs, while 10 (66.7%) affecting the lungs, liver, spleen and lymph nodes were affected concomitantly. Of the few cases (3/18, 16.7%) diagnosed as localized histiocytic sarcoma, where lungs were affected. Five different presentation patterns were observed macroscopically, not mutually exclusive: multinodular, massive, diffuse, peribronchiolar, and placoid. The most affected organs were the lungs (17/18, 94.4%), lymph nodes (15/18, 83.3%), liver (13/18, 72.2%), spleen (12/18, 66.7%), kidneys (6/15, 60%) and heart (6/15, 40%). Other less affected organs included adrenals (4/15, 26.7%), skeletal muscle (diaphragm) (4/15, 26.7%), bones (2/15, 13.3%), pancreas (2/15, 13.3%), pericardial sac (2/15, 13.3%), joint (1/15, 6.7%), omentum (1/15, 6.7%) and parietal pleura (1/15, 6.7%). Histologically, histiocytic sarcoma was characterized by a non-delimited, mantle-shaped proliferation with a scant stroma of round cells, many markedly anaplastic, often giving the tumor a rather pleomorphic appearance. A hallmark was the occurrence of a variable, but often high, number of mono, bi and multinucleated giant cells (30-100 µm in diameter), which always had large nuclei (karyomegaly) formed by loose chromatin and with nucleoli almost always multiple and conspicuous. Although there are peculiarities in the neoplastic involvement in each affected organ, in general, this proliferation tends to obscure the affected parenchyma and often invades and obliterates lymphatic and blood vessels. About 90% of neoplastic cells, including the most anaplastic and many of the multinucleated ones, immunostained strongly for CD204 and MHC-II but not for CD11d, confirming that they were histiocytes, other than splenic/bone marrow macrophages. It is hoped that this information will contribute to a better characterization of histiocytic sarcoma in the canine species and may help veterinary pathologists in their diagnostic routines.
Abstract in Portuguese:
Os sarcomas histiocíticos têm sido descritos na medicina veterinária desde meados de 1980, mas os estudos sobre o tema ainda são escassos. Com base nisso, o objetivo deste artigo foi determinar os aspectos epidemiológicos, anatomopatológicos e imuno-histoquímicos do sarcoma histiocítico em cães submetidos à necropsia em um serviço de diagnóstico que abrange a região centro-oeste do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Entre os anos de 2007 e 2021 foram necropsiados 4.310 cães, dos quais 598 morreram ou foram submetidos à eutanásia devido a algum tipo de câncer. Pelo menos 18 casos de sarcoma histiocítico foram diagnosticados, ou seja, 3% das mortes por câncer e 0,4% das mortes totais. O critério utilizado para estabelecer o diagnóstico definitivo e inclusão no estudo foi uma interação entre a histopatologia característica e a imunomarcação positiva para CD204. Quase a totalidade (17/18; 94,4%) desses pacientes tinha raça definida e era de porte grande, sendo a grande maioria (14/18; 77,8%) da raça Rottweiler. A maior parte dos casos (15/18; 83,3%) eram sarcomas histiocíticos disseminados, sendo que em 10 (66,7%), os pulmões, o fígado, o baço e os linfonodos foram acometidos concomitantemente. Dos poucos casos (3/18; 16,7%) diagnosticados como sarcoma histiocítico localizado, os pulmões foram sempre afetados. Macroscopicamente foram observados cinco padrões de apresentação, não mutualmente excludentes, a saber: multinodular, massivo, difuso, peribronquiolar e placoide. Os órgãos mais afetados foram: pulmões (17/18; 94,4%), linfonodos (15/18; 83,3%), fígado (13/18; 72,2%), baço (12/18; 66,7%), rins (6/15; 60%) e coração (6/15; 40%). Outros órgãos menos afetados incluíram: adrenais (4/15; 26,7%), músculo esquelético (diafragma) (4/15; 26,7%), ossos (2/15; 13,3%), pâncreas (2/15; 13,3%), saco pericárdico (2/15; 13,3%), articulação (1/15; 6,7%), omento (1/15; 6,7%) e pleura parietal (1/15; 6,7%). Histologicamente, o diagnóstico do sarcoma histiocítico sempre foi suspeitado pela presença de um tumor de células redondas ou fusiformes, marcadamente anaplásico e pleomórfico, rico em células gigantes mononucleadas e frequentemente associado à presença de variável quantidade de células gigantes (com 30-100 µm de diâmetro) mono, bi e multinucleadas, as quais sempre possuíam grandes núcleos (cariomegalia) formados por cromatina frouxa e com nucléolos quase sempre múltiplos e conspícuos. Apesar de em cada órgão afetado haver peculiaridades no acometimento neoplásico, no geral essa proliferação tendia a obscurecer o parênquima afetado e frequentemente invadir e obliterar vasos linfáticos e sanguíneos. A maior parte das células neoplásicas (cerca de 90%), incluindo as mais anaplásicas e muitas das multinucleadas, imunomarcaram fortemente para CD204 e MHC-II, mas não para CD11d, confirmando tratar-se de histiócitos outros que não macrófagos esplênicos/medulares ósseos. Espera-se que essas informações contribuam para uma melhor caracterização do sarcoma histiocítico na espécie canina e que possam auxiliar patologistas veterinários em suas rotinas diagnósticas.
#2 - Leishmania enriettii in guinea pig (Cavia porcellus) in southern Brazil
Abstract in English:
Leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease with a worldwide distribution, transmitted to animals and humans through the blood meal of sand flies, caused by protozoa of the genus Leishmania. This report aims to describe the clinical, pathological, and molecular findings of mucocutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania enriettii in a guinea pig (Cavia porcellus). The animal presented ulcerated skin lesions in the right pinna. Samples from the lesion were evaluated by cytology, revealing the presence of amastigote forms of Leishmania spp. Histopathology showed a dermal inflammatory infiltrate consisting of macrophages, multinucleated giant cells, lymphocytes, plasma cells, and heterophils. The foam cells contained parasitophorous vacuoles filled with amastigotes. Molecular characterization identified the species as L. enriettii. The diagnosis of mucocutaneous leishmaniasis was based on morphological findings (macroscopic and microscopic) associated with molecular biology tests that allowed defining the etiological agent of the disease.
Abstract in Portuguese:
A leishmaniose é uma doença parasitária com distribuição mundial, transmitida a animais e humanos através do repasto sanguíneo de flebotomíneos, causada por protozoários do gênero Leishmania. Este relato tem como objetivo descrever os achados clínicos, patológicos e moleculares da leishmaniose mucocutânea causada por Leishmania enriettii em cobaias (Cavia porcellus). O animal apresentava lesões cutâneas ulceradas no pavilhão auricular direito. Amostras da lesão foram avaliadas por citologia, revelando a presença de formas amastigotas de Leishmania spp. A histopatologia mostrou um infiltrado inflamatório dérmico composto por macrófagos, células gigantes multinucleadas, linfócitos, plasmócitos e heterófilos. As células espumosas continham vacúolos parasitóforos cheios de amastigotas. A caracterização molecular identificou a espécie como L. enriettii. O diagnóstico da leishmaniose mucocutânea foi baseado em achados morfológicos (macroscópicos e microscópicos) associados a testes de biologia molecular que permitiram definir o agente etiológico da doença.
#3 - Apocrine adenocarcinoma in Oryctolagus cuniculus (domestic rabbit) with osteolysis: case report
Abstract in English:
Apocrine adenocarcinoma is a malignant tumor arising from the apocrine gland. It’s well-reported in dogs, uncommon in cats, and rarely described in other species. A 4-year-old female domestic rabbit with lameness in the left pelvic limb, which progressed to loss of function over seven months, was treated in a medical routine. Upon palpation of the affected region, the rabbit presented alertness without exhibiting painful sensitivity. Radiographic imaging revealed pronounced alterations in the bone trabeculae of the left femur, accompanied by areas of corticomedullary osteolysis. A biopsy from the left femur was performed for histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis. The morphological diagnosis comprises apocrine adenocarcinoma. This report aims to present what seems to be the first worldwide case of apocrine adenocarcinoma invading muscle tissue and causing bone lysis in the joint region in an Oryctolagus cuniculus.
Abstract in Portuguese:
O adenocarcinoma apócrino é um tumor maligno que surge da glândula apócrina. Este é bem relatado em cães, incomum em gatos e raramente descrito em outras espécies. Uma coelha doméstica, fêmea, de quatro anos de idade, com claudicação em membro pélvico esquerdo, que evoluiu para impotência funcional em sete meses, foi tratada em rotina médica. Esta apresentou estado de alerta sem sensibilidade dolorosa à palpação da região afetada. A imagem radiográfica revelou alterações pronunciadas em trabéculas ósseas do fêmur esquerdo, acompanhadas de áreas de osteólise corticomedular. Foi realizada biópsia do fêmur esquerdo para análise histopatológica e imunohistoquímica. O diagnóstico morfológico compreende o que parece ser o primeiro caso mundial de adenocarcinoma apócrino invadindo o tecido muscular e causando lise óssea em região articular de um Oryctolagus cuniculus.
#4 - Mortality causes of Pitheciidae (order: Primates) species kept under human care
Abstract in English:
Brazilian pitheciids include some of the world’s most endangered nonhuman primate species. Despite current efforts to conserve wild populations, no retrospective studies have described the causes of death in members of the Pitheciidae family kept under human care. Herein, we describe the spontaneous causes of mortality in pitheciids maintained under human care in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. To this end, the post mortem reports of the Anatomy Pathology Sector of Federal University Rural of Rio de Janeiro (SAP/UFRuralRJ) from January 2019 to December 2024 were reviewed. During this period, we performed 497 necropsies and histopathological examinations in nonhuman primates, of which 26 were Pitheciidae. All individuals were adults; 61.5% (16/26) were females and 38.5% (10/26) were males. A conclusive diagnosis of the cause of death was made in 76.9% (20/26) of the cases. Regardless of the process category, the hepatobiliary system was the most affected in this study. The deaths were attributed to infectious causes in 55% (11/20) of the cases, noninfectious in 25% (5/20), and inflammatory with no specific etiology in 20% (4/20). Parasitic diseases were important causes of pitheciid illness in the captive scenario, mainly due to metazoan and protozoan infections. This translational study provides important information on the dynamics of diseases that affect pitheciids and may serve as a tool to improve these species’ prevention, management and conservation strategies.
Abstract in Portuguese:
Os pitecídeos brasileiros incluem algumas das espécies de primatas não humanos mais ameaçadas do mundo. Apesar dos esforços atuais para a conservação de populações silvestre, nenhum estudo retrospectivo descreveu as causas de mortalidade de primatas não humanos da família Pitheciidae que são mantidos sob cuidados humanos. Aqui, descrevemos as causas de morte espontânea de pitecídeos mantidos sob cuidados humanos no Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Os laudos post mortem do Setor de Anatomia Patológica da Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (SAP/UFRuralRJ) de janeiro de 2019 a dezembro de 2024 foram revisados. Neste período, foram realizadas 497 necropsias e exames histopatológicos em primatas não humanos e 26 espécimes de Pitheciidae foram incluídos neste estudo. Todos os indivíduos eram adultos, 61,5% (16/26) eram fêmeas e 38,5% (10/26) eram machos. Foi possível determinar a causa da morte em 76,9% (20/26) dos casos. Independentemente da categoria do processo, o sistema hepatobiliar foi o mais afetado neste estudo. As mortes foram atribuídas a causas infecciosas em 55% (11/20) dos casos, não infecciosas em 25% (5/20) e inflamatórias sem etiologia específica em 20% (4/20). Doenças parasitárias foram importantes causas de doenças de pitecídeos mantidos sob cuidados humanos, especialmente devido a infecções por metazoários e protozoários. Este estudo retrospectivo fornece informações importantes sobre a dinâmica de doenças que afetam os pitecídeos e servirá como uma ferramenta para melhorar as estratégias de manejo e conservação para essas espécies.
#5 - Epidemiology of toxoplasmosis in felids and canids in Brazil: A brief One Health overview
Abstract in English:
Toxoplasmosis is a disease caused by the obligate intracellular protozoan Toxoplasma gondii, which infects animals and humans worldwide. Felids are definitive hosts that eliminate oocysts, contaminating the environment, food, and water. Among carnivores, cats are the most important hosts for the epidemiology of the disease since a single individual can shed millions of oocysts. Wild canids are considered sentinels and play an essential role in the epidemiology of toxoplasmosis due to tissue cysts in muscle cells, representing a source of infection for carnivores through predation, while environmental contamination is mainly due to oocyst shedding by felids. Free-ranging felids are more likely to be infected by T. gondii than felids living in captivity. The free-living wild canids have lower seropositivity compared to canids in captivity. This review article presents epidemiological data on toxoplasmosis in domestic and wild carnivores in Brazil, targeting professionals in clinical practice, veterinary pathology, diagnostics, and One Health. Therefore, we understand the importance of disseminating diagnoses, epidemiological investigations and animal health programs to control, prophylaxis and treat toxoplasmosis in domestic and wild carnivores.
Abstract in Portuguese:
A toxoplasmose é uma doença causada pelo protozoário intracelular obrigatório Toxoplasma gondii, responsável por infectar animais e seres humanos em todo o mundo. Os felinos são hospedeiros definitivos e eliminam oocistos que contaminam o ambiente, alimentos e água. Dentre os carnívoros, os felinos são os hospedeiros mais importantes para a epidemiologia da doença, visto que um único indivíduo é capaz de excretar milhões de oocistos. Canídeos selvagens são considerados sentinelas e desempenham um papel essencial na epidemiologia da toxoplasmose, pois os cistos teciduais presentes nas células musculares representam uma fonte de infecção para carnívoros por meio da predação, enquanto a contaminação ambiental ocorre principalmente pela eliminação de oocistos por felídeos. Os felinos de vida livre têm maior probabilidade de serem infectados por T. gondii do que os felinos mantidos sob cuidados humanos. Os canídeos silvestres de vida livre apresentam menor soropositividade em comparação aos canídeos em cativeiro. Este artigo de revisão apresenta dados sobre a epidemiologia da toxoplasmose em carnívoros domésticos e silvestres no Brasil focado para profissionais da área clínica, patologia veterinária, diagnóstico e Saúde Única. Portanto entendemos a importância de divulgação de métodos de diagnósticos, investigações epidemiológicas e programas de saúde animal para contribuir com o controle, profilaxia e tratamento da toxoplasmose em carnívoros domésticos e silvestres.
#6 - Bluetongue in sheep in the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil: seroepidemiologic, clinical, and pathological findings
Abstract in English:
This study aimed to investigate the circulation of bluetongue virus (BTV) in sheep throughout different regions of the state of Santa Catarina by the serologic agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) assay and to describe the clinical, pathological, and epidemiologic aspects of seven outbreaks and three isolated cases, which occurred between 2009 and 2019. The state was divided into three regions for research into antibodies. The average annual temperatures and altitudes of the regions were described or tabulated. Blood samples were collected from sheep on 24 properties in 16 municipalities distributed throughout the three aforementioned regions. Of the 388 blood samples collected from the sheep, 250 were seropositive (64.4%) in the AGID test. Antibodies against BTV were detected in the three regions. The disease was diagnosed through clinical signs and macroscopic lesions and confirmed by the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique. The affected sheep developed ulcerations in the nostrils, lips, and oral mucosa with crusting, locomotor difficulties, black diarrhea, coughing, and regurgitation, followed by death. The necropsy showed multiple ulcers in the palate and rumen, petechial hemorrhages in the serosa of the esophagus near the esophageal hiatus, and focal hemorrhages in the pulmonary artery. In Santa Catarina, bluetongue in sheep is a seasonal disease that occurs mainly during the hot, rainy seasons (December to April). Seasonality coincides with the time of year when Culicoides vectors have the highest population and metabolic activity.
Abstract in Portuguese:
Este estudo teve como objetivos investigar, por meio do teste sorológico de imunodifusão em gel de ágar (IDGA), a circulação do vírus da língua azul (BTV) em ovinos em diferentes regiões do estado de Santa Catarina e, descrever os aspectos clínico-patológicos e epidemiológicos de sete surtos e três casos isolados, ocorridos entre os anos de 2009 a 2019. Para a pesquisa de anticorpos, o estado foi dividido em três regiões. As temperaturas médias anuais e altitudes das regiões foram descritas ou tabuladas. Foram coletadas amostras de sangue de ovinos em 24 propriedades de 16 municípios distribuídos nas três regiões estabelecidas. Dos 388 ovinos coletados, 250 foram soropositivos (64,4%) no teste de IDGA. Anticorpos contra o BTV foram detectados nas três regiões. A enfermidade foi diagnosticada pelos sinais clínicos, lesões macroscópicas e confirmada pela técnica de reação em cadeia da polimerase com transcrição reversa (RT-PCR). Os ovinos afetados desenvolveram ulcerações nas narinas, lábios e mucosa oral com formação de crostas, dificuldade de locomoção, diarreia enegrecida, tosse e regurgitamento seguido de morte. Na necropsia foi observado principalmente múltiplas úlceras no palato e rúmen, hemorragias petequiais na serosa do esôfago próximo ao hiato esofágico e hemorragia focal na artéria pulmonar. Em Santa Catarina, a língua azul em ovinos é uma doença sazonal, que ocorre principalmente em épocas quentes e chuvosas (dezembro a abril). A sazonalidade coincide com a época do ano a qual os vetores Culicoides apresentam maior população e atividade metabólica.
#7 - Clinical, pathological and immunohistochemical characterization of spontaneous neoplasms in pet rodents in Northeastern Brazil
Abstract in English:
In the last decade, there has been a significant increase in the demand for small rodents such as hamsters, guinea pigs, rats, and mice to be kept as pets. Consequently, the veterinary care provided to these animals has also increased. The aim of this study was to describe gross, histopathological and immunohistochemical findings of 26 spontaneous neoplasms diagnosed in 25 pet rodents in Northeastern Brazil. A retrospective study was carried out from 2014 to 2022 in two veterinary diagnostic laboratories to identify cases of tumoriform lesions in these species. Hamsters represented the most frequent species in this study (60%, 15/25), followed by rats (28%, 7/25), guinea pigs (8%, 2/25), and mice (4%, 1/25), with a mean age of 17.63 months. The anatomical regions of the face/head and thoracic region were the most affected. The most affected tissues were the skin/subcutaneous/mucosal (65%, 15/26) and mammary gland (23%, 6/26). Eighteen different types of neoplasms were diagnosed, and T-cell lymphomas and mammary adenocarcinomas were the most diagnosed tumors, each corresponding to 12% (3/26) of the cases. Leiomyosarcoma, myxosarcoma and mammary adenocarcinoma metastases were also noted. Immunohistochemistry was essential for the diagnosis of certain malignant mesenchymal and round-cell neoplasms. Pet rodent neoplasms in Northeastern Brazil are common, especially in hamsters, and immunohistochemistry can be a useful tool for the definitive diagnosis of these tumors.
Abstract in Portuguese:
In the last decade, there has been a significant increase in the demand for small rodents such as hamsters, guinea pigs, rats, and mice to be kept as pets. Consequently, the veterinary care provided to these animals has also increased. The aim of this study was to describe gross, histopathological and immunohistochemical findings of 26 spontaneous neoplasms diagnosed in 25 pet rodents in Northeastern Brazil. A retrospective study was carried out from 2014 to 2022 in two veterinary diagnostic laboratories to identify cases of tumoriform lesions in these species. Hamsters represented the most frequent species in this study (60%, 15/25), followed by rats (28%, 7/25), guinea pigs (8%, 2/25), and mice (4%, 1/25), with a mean age of 17.63 months. The anatomical regions of the face/head and thoracic region were the most affected. The most affected tissues were the skin/subcutaneous/mucosal (65%, 15/26) and mammary gland (23%, 6/26). Eighteen different types of neoplasms were diagnosed, and T-cell lymphomas and mammary adenocarcinomas were the most diagnosed tumors, each corresponding to 12% (3/26) of the cases. Leiomyosarcoma, myxosarcoma and mammary adenocarcinoma metastases were also noted. Immunohistochemistry was essential for the diagnosis of certain malignant mesenchymal and round-cell neoplasms. Pet rodent neoplasms in Northeastern Brazil are common, especially in hamsters, and immunohistochemistry can be a useful tool for the definitive diagnosis of these tumors.
#8 - Serum and immunohistochemical analyses of troponin I in sheep experimentally poisoned with Palicourea marcgravii
Abstract in English:
Palicourea marcgravii is a lethal toxic plant widely distributed in Brazil. Ingestion of this plant causes cardiotoxic effects in animals, leading to acute heart failure without evident macroscopic changes in the heart due to the rapid progression of the disease. Currently, the diagnosis is confirmed based on microscopic identification of characteristic renal lesions. Although troponin is used as a biomarker for myocardial lesions in human and veterinary medicine, its serum levels in sheep poisoned with P. marcgravii remain unknown. The objective of this study was to determine serum levels of troponin I and evaluate its expression in incipient heart lesions in sheep. Eight male sheep were experimentally intoxicated with 1g kg-1 of fresh P. marcgravii plants. The animals were physically examined every two hours, and blood samples were collected before the administration of the plant material and during the agonizing period immediately before death. Additionally, necropsy and immunohistochemistry were performed on cardiac tissue samples. All animals presented minimal serum levels of troponin I before plant administration, with a significant increase in these levels immediately before death, indicating leakage due to the cardiac injury. These results confirm the hypothesis that troponin is released into the bloodstream before morphological changes in the myocardium can be observed through conventional microscopy and immunohistochemical testing. These findings contribute to understanding the pathological mechanisms of this toxicity and may assist in the early diagnosis and treatment of affected animals.
Abstract in Portuguese:
Palicourea marcgravii é uma planta tóxica letal e amplamente disseminada no Brasil. Sua ingestão causa efeitos cardiotóxicos em animais, levando à insuficiência cardíaca aguda sem alterações macroscópicas evidentes no coração devido à rápida progressão da doença. A confirmação do diagnóstico atual se baseia na identificação microscópica das lesões renais características. Embora a troponina seja usada como biomarcador de lesões miocárdicas na medicina humana e veterinária, seus níveis séricos em ovinos intoxicados por P. marcgravii ainda são desconhecidos. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar os níveis séricos de troponina I e avaliar sua expressão em lesões incipientes no coração de ovinos. Oito ovinos machos foram experimentalmente intoxicados com 1g/kg da planta fresca. Os animais foram avaliados fisicamente a cada duas horas, e tiveram seu sangue coletado antes da administração da planta e durante a fase agônica, antes do óbito. Além disso, foram realizadas necropsia e imunohistoquímica em fragmentos cardíacos. Todos os animais apresentaram níveis mínimos de troponina antes da administração da planta, e mostraram aumento expressivo imediatamente antes do óbito, indicando extravasamento devido à lesão cardíaca. Esses resultados confirmam a hipótese de que a troponina é liberada na corrente sanguínea antes das alterações morfológicas no miocárdio serem observadas pela microscopia convencional e imunohistoquímica. Esses achados contribuem para a compreensão dos mecanismos patológicos dessa intoxicação e podem auxiliar no diagnóstico precoce e tratamento em animais afetados.
#9 - Feline application/inflammation-associated sarcoma: Gross aspects and histomorphological
Abstract in English:
Feline injection-site sarcomas in felines account for more than 40% of cutaneous and subcutaneous neoplasms in felines. The present study aimed to describe the macroscopic and histomorphological findings of feline application/injection sarcomas. Samples from 31 feline tumors with a history of feline application/inflammation sarcoma were re-evaluated regarding histological subtype, mitotic index and score, depth of tissue invasion, and presence of inflammation considering the location, intensity and predominant cell types. Of the 31 samples from felines diagnosed with sarcoma at the application/inflammation site, 87.15% were cats with no defined breed (NDB), with a mean age of 8.5 years. The predominant anatomical sites were the back and flank/abdomen, both with 29% (9/31), and the prevalent histological subtype was fibrosarcoma at 77.4% (24/31), followed by anaplastic giant cell sarcoma at 12.9% (4/31) and myxosarcoma 9.6% (3/31). The histological grade with the highest number of cases was III (51.6%), followed by Grade II (35.4%) and I (12.9%). The mean of the longest axis measurements varied between the different tumor grades without being significant, with the average being 2.5±2.79cm in Grade I tumors and 3.2±2.28cm in Grade II tumors. and 4.68±2.07cm in Grade III tumors. Necrosis was observed in 74.2% of tumors. The tissue inflammation score was mild to moderate in 58% of cases and severe in 32.2%, with lymphocytic and lymphoplasmacytic infiltrates being prevalent, with 25.8% each, followed by lymphoplasmohistiocytic with 22.6%. The infiltration depth was 38.7% in muscle tissue, followed by 32.2% in the subcutaneous tissue. Pleomorphism was accentuated in 51.6%. Desmoplasia was moderate in 45.1%. Satellite nodules were present in 29% of cases, and 19.4% had macrophages with intracytoplasmic content suggestive of adjuvants. Surgical margins were infiltrated (M1) in 48.4% and narrowed in 25.8% (M2). The anatomical locations observed were different from those recommended by the Vaccine-Associated Feline Sarcoma Task Force (VAFST); in most cases, the adjuvanted macrophage was not present. From this data, we can suggest that sarcomas in felines are not only correlated to the vaccine application, corroborating the hypothesis that any material, whether liquid or solid, and any chronic inflammatory process in the subcutaneous tissue of cats can induce the entity if they are predisposed to do so. The detailed histomorphological data evaluated in this study were key points and provided important information about tumor behavior, being a tool for clinical-oncological decision-making.
Abstract in Portuguese:
Feline injection-site sarcomas in felines account for more than 40% of cutaneous and subcutaneous neoplasms in felines. The present study aimed to describe the macroscopic and histomorphological findings of feline application/injection sarcomas. Samples from 31 feline tumors with a history of feline application/inflammation sarcoma were re-evaluated regarding histological subtype, mitotic index and score, depth of tissue invasion, and presence of inflammation considering the location, intensity and predominant cell types. Of the 31 samples from felines diagnosed with sarcoma at the application/inflammation site, 87.15% were cats with no defined breed (NDB), with a mean age of 8.5 years. The predominant anatomical sites were the back and flank/abdomen, both with 29% (9/31), and the prevalent histological subtype was fibrosarcoma at 77.4% (24/31), followed by anaplastic giant cell sarcoma at 12.9% (4/31) and myxosarcoma 9.6% (3/31). The histological grade with the highest number of cases was III (51.6%), followed by Grade II (35.4%) and I (12.9%). The mean of the longest axis measurements varied between the different tumor grades without being significant, with the average being 2.5±2.79cm in Grade I tumors and 3.2±2.28cm in Grade II tumors. and 4.68±2.07cm in Grade III tumors. Necrosis was observed in 74.2% of tumors. The tissue inflammation score was mild to moderate in 58% of cases and severe in 32.2%, with lymphocytic and lymphoplasmacytic infiltrates being prevalent, with 25.8% each, followed by lymphoplasmohistiocytic with 22.6%. The infiltration depth was 38.7% in muscle tissue, followed by 32.2% in the subcutaneous tissue. Pleomorphism was accentuated in 51.6%. Desmoplasia was moderate in 45.1%. Satellite nodules were present in 29% of cases, and 19.4% had macrophages with intracytoplasmic content suggestive of adjuvants. Surgical margins were infiltrated (M1) in 48.4% and narrowed in 25.8% (M2). The anatomical locations observed were different from those recommended by the Vaccine-Associated Feline Sarcoma Task Force (VAFST); in most cases, the adjuvanted macrophage was not present. From this data, we can suggest that sarcomas in felines are not only correlated to the vaccine application, corroborating the hypothesis that any material, whether liquid or solid, and any chronic inflammatory process in the subcutaneous tissue of cats can induce the entity if they are predisposed to do so. The detailed histomorphological data evaluated in this study were key points and provided important information about tumor behavior, being a tool for clinical-oncological decision-making.
#10 - Neurocryptococcosis in dogs and cats: Anatomopathological and fungal morphological aspects in a case series
Abstract in English:
Cryptococcosis is a fungal infection that commonly affects dogs and cats, often manifesting with neurological involvement. This study investigated the neuropathological characteristics of cryptococcosis in nine cats and two dogs submitted to necropsy through gross pathology and histopathological analysis. Clinical history, lesion location, fungal burden, type and intensity of inflammatory infiltrate, lesions in nervous parenchyma, and morphological characteristics of yeast cells were evaluated. Additionally, fungal morphological criteria, such as capsule and yeast wall thickness and budding frequency, were analyzed in each neurolocation. The Alcian blue stain method was utilized to enhance the visualization of yeasts. Debilitating and/or immunosuppressive conditions were described in five cases. Two cats were recently adopted from the streets, and one cat was treated with corticosteroids. One dog had severe cachexia and generalized weakness, and another dog had leukopenia with left shift. Only six cases (54%) had neurological signs. Gross central nervous system (CNS) lesions were found in five cases and appeared as irregular, friable, soft, gelatinous, and grayish masses with distinct borders. The telencephalic cortex and the cerebellum were the most frequently affected CNS locations observed in all cases. The first exhibited a higher fungal burden and a milder inflammatory response than other neurolocations. The cerebellum was also affected in all cases but showed a slightly higher inflammatory response and a lower fungal burden compared to the telencephalic cortices. Additionally, lung involvement was observed in all cases as well. The inflammatory intensity associated with the yeasts in the CNS was predominantly mild to moderate, being severe only in two cases, and the fungal burden was more often moderate or severe, being mild in only two cases. The observed heterogeneity in the inflammatory response and fungal burden reveals the complex nature of this infection. Other affected nervous tissues were the optic nerve, the spinal cord nerve roots and the ganglia, mostly in cats. In conclusion, our study shows the neuropathological features of cryptococcosis in a case series in cats and dogs, emphasizing the importance of considering specific neurolocations to diagnose this fungal infection and contributing to a better understanding of the simultaneous involvement of the respiratory and nervous systems.
Abstract in Portuguese:
A criptococose é uma infecção fúngica que comumente afeta cães e gatos, muitas vezes se manifestando com envolvimento neurológico. Neste estudo, foram investigadas as características neuropatológicas da criptococose em nove gatos e dois cães submetidos à necropsia, por meio da análise macroscópica e histopatológica. Foi avaliada a história clínica, localização das lesões, carga fúngica, tipo e intensidade do infiltrado inflamatório, lesões no parênquima nervoso e características morfológicas das células de levedura. Além disso, critérios morfológicos fúngicos, como espessura da cápsula e parede da levedura e frequência de brotamento, foram analisados em cada neurolocalização. Para aprimorar a visualização das leveduras, foi utilizada a técnica de coloração de azul alciano. Condições debilitantes e/ou imunossupressoras foram detectadas em cinco casos. Condições debilitantes e/ou imunossupressoras foram descritas em cinco casos. Dois gatos foram recentemente adotados das ruas e um gato foi tratado com corticosteroides. Um cão apresentava caquexia grave e fraqueza generalizada e outro cão apresentava leucopenia com desvio à esquerda. Apenas seis casos (54%) apresentaram sinais neurológicos. Lesões macroscópicas no sistema nervoso central (SNC) foram encontradas em cinco casos, aparecendo como massas irregulares, friáveis, moles, gelatinosas e acinzentadas, com bordas distintas. O córtex telencefálico e o cerebelo foram as localizações do SNC mais frequentemente afetadas, observadas em todos os casos. O córtex apresentou uma carga fúngica mais elevada e uma resposta inflamatória mais branda em comparação com outras neurolocalizações. O cerebelo também foi afetado em todos os casos, apresentando uma resposta inflamatória um pouco mais elevada e carga fúngica mais baixa do que o córtex telencefálico. Além disso, o envolvimento pulmonar também foi observado em todos os casos. A intensidade inflamatória associada às leveduras no SNC, foi predominantemente leve a moderada, sendo grave apenas em dois casos, e a carga fúngica foi mais frequentemente moderada ou grave, sendo leve em apenas dois casos. A heterogeneidade observada na resposta inflamatória e carga fúngica revela a natureza complexa dessa infecção. Outros tecidos nervosos afetados foram o nervo óptico e as raízes e gânglios nervosos da medula espinhal, principalmente em gatos. Em conclusão, nosso estudo mostra as características neuropatológicas da criptococose em uma série de casos em gatos e cães, enfatizando a importância de considerar neurolocalizações específicas para o diagnóstico dessa infecção fúngica. Além disso, contribui para uma melhor compreensão do envolvimento simultâneo dos sistemas respiratório e nervoso.
