PESQUISA VETERINÁRIA BRASILEIRA

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Nunes Rangel M.F., Lemos L.S., Almeida C.M.C., Sales L.G. & Vieira-da-Motta O. 2010. Development of Polyclonal IgY antibodies in chickens and IgG in rabbits immunized against proteins of Pythium insidiosum isolated from horses in the state of Rio de Janeiro. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 30(1):87-93. Micologia Veterinária do Setor de Doenças Infectocontagiosas, Laboratório de Sanidade Animal do Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Agropecuárias, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Av. Alberto Lamego 2000, Horto, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ 28013-602, Brazil. E-mail: olney@uenf.br Pythiosis is caused by Pythium insidiosum and the occurrence of disease in horses was described in the North and Northwest State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The disease was described in cattle, sheep, humans, and horses in different states and regions across the country. This paper describes the development of IgY and IgG polyclonal antibodies, in chicken and rabbits, respectively against proteins extracted from kunkers and hyphae of P. insidiosum from affected horses. The proteins were recognized by chicken, rabbit and horse antibodies by immunodiffusion and Western blot against majority bands of 27 and 43 KDa, and titrated by ELISA. The antibodies IgY developed by the first time against Brazilian strains of P. insidiosum may represent a valuable tool in the detection of antigens of the pathogen and contribute to further studies aimed at immunotherapy and knowledge about this disease in endemic areas in Rio de Janeiro and in Brazil.

• Pythiosis Pythium insidiosum

Abstract in Portuguese:

RESUMO.- Nunes Rangel M.F., Lemos L.S., Almeida C.M.C., Sales L.G. & Vieira-da-Motta O. 2010. Development of Polyclonal IgY antibodies in chickens and IgG in rabbits immunized against proteins of Pythium insidiosum isolated from horses in the state of Rio de Janeiro. [Desenvolvimento de Anticorpos IgY em galinhas e IgG em coelhos imunizados contra proteínas de Pythium insidiosum isolado de equinos no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil.] Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 30(1):87-93. Micologia Veterinária do Setor de Doenças Infectocontagiosas, Laboratório de Sanidade Animal do Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Agropecuárias, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Av. Alberto Lamego 2000, Horto, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ 28013-602, Brazil. E-mail: olney@uenf.br Pitiose é causada por Pythium insidiosum e a doença foi descrita em equinos no Norte e Noroeste do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. A doença foi descrita em bovinos, ovelhas, humanos e cavalos em diferentes estados e regiões do país. Este trabalho descreve o desenvolvimento de anticorpos policlonais, IgY e IgG, em galinha e coelho, respectivamente, contra proteínas extraídas de kunkers e hifas de P. insidiosum de cavalos doentes. As proteínas foram reconhecidas por anticorpos de galinha, coelho e cavalos contra as bandas majoritárias de 27 e 34 KDa em imunodifusão e Western blot tituladas por ELISA. Os anticorpos IgY desenvolvidos pela primeira vez contra cepas brasileiras de P. insidiosum podem representar um valioso instrumento na detecção de antígenos de patógenos e contribuem para novos estudos baseados na imunoterapia e no entendimento sobre esta doença em áreas endêmicas no Rio de Janeiro e em todo o país.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Carregaro A.B., Cruz M.L., Cherubini A.L. & Luna S.P.L. 2009. [Influence of body temperature on rattlesnakes (Crotalus durissus) anesthetized with ketamine.] Influência da temperatura corporal de cascavéis (Crotalus durissus) submetidas à anestesia com cetamina. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(12):969-973. Departamento de Clínica de Pequenos Animais, Centro de Ciências Rurais, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, Brazil. E-mail: carregaro@smail.ufsm.br The aim of the study was to verify the influence of the body temperature under physiological values and latency and recovery times on rattlesnakes anesthetized with ketamine. The animals were previously submitted to hypothermia (HYPO) (<22°C) and normothermia (30°C) (NORMO) and then, anesthetized with 80 mg/kg IM of ketamine. Latency and recovery times were evaluated by head tonus, muscular tonus and righting reflex. Heart rate (HR), time of apnea and body temperature were measured before and 5, 10, 15, 30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes after ketamine administration. Blood gases parameters were measured before, 30 and 60 minutes. It was not observed difference on latency time in both groups. The recovery time was higher on HYPO (5,5 hours) compared to NORMO (3,5 hours). HR was higher on NORMO compared to HYPO. Time of apnea was the same pattern on both groups. Compared to basal levels, time of apnea was shorter between 5 to 30 min on both groups. Respiratory acidosis was observed only at 0 min in NORMO. SvO2 was higher after 30 min, the same as with PvO2 in both groups. PvCO2 reduced after 30 min in both groups. It was evident that body temperature exerts intense influence on the recovery time on rattlesnakes anesthetized with ketamine.

• Cetamina cascavel Crotalus durissus

Abstract in Portuguese:

RESUMO.- Carregaro A.B., Cruz M.L., Cherubini A.L. & Luna S.P.L. 2009. [Influence of body temperature on rattlesnakes (Crotalus durissus) anesthetized with ketamine.] Influência da temperatura corporal de cascavéis (Crotalus durissus) submetidas à anestesia com cetamina. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(12):969-973. Departamento de Clínica de Pequenos Animais, Centro de Ciências Rurais, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, Brazil. E-mail: carregaro@smail.ufsm.br O estudo objetivou verificar a influência da temperatura corporal nos parâmetros fisiológicos e nos períodos de indução e recuperação anestésicos de cascavéis (Crotalus durissus) anestesiadas com cetamina. Os animais foram previamente submetidos à hipotermia (HIPO) (<22°C) e normotermia (30°C) (NORMO) e anestesiados com 80mg/kg IM de cetamina. Foram avaliados os períodos de latência e recuperação da anestesia por meio do tônus de cabeça, tônus muscular e reflexo de endireitamento. Mensurou-se a frequência cardíaca (FC), tempo de apnéia e temperatura corporal em 0 min e 5, 10, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120 min e análise dos gases sanguíneos em 0 min, 30 e 60 min. Não houve diferença em relação ao período de latência entre os grupos. A recuperação dos animais em HIPO foi mais prolongada (5,5 horas) que em NORMO (3,5 horas). Obteve-se FC no grupo NORMO superior que no grupo HIPO. O tempo de apnéia manteve o mesmo padrão em ambos os grupos. Em relação ao basal, tanto em HIPO quanto em NORMO o tempo de apnéia diminuiu acentuadamente entre 5 e 30 min. Observou-se acidose respiratória no grupo NORMO apenas em 0 min. O SvO2 elevou-se significativamente após 30 min, o mesmo ocorrendo com a PvO2. A PvCO2 diminuiu em ambos os grupos após 30 min. Evidenciou-se que a temperatura corporal influencia intrinsecamente o período de recuperação de cascavéis anestesiadas com cetamina.

Abstract in English:

RESUMO.- Santana E. Jr M., Beserra P.S., Brito A.B., Miranda S.A., Nikolak E. & Domingues S.F.S. 2009. [Renal artery Triplex Doppler and the relationship between kidney ecobiometry with atlanto-coccyges distance (ACD) and height (H) in Canis familiaris.] Triplex Doppler da artéria renal e a relação entre a ecobiometria dos rins com distância atlanto-coccígea (DAC) e altura (H) em Canis familiaris. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(10):809-815. Laboratório de Biologia e Medicina de Animais da Amazônia, Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Hernane Lameira 556, Castanhal, PA 68743-050, Brazil. E-mail: shfarha@ufpa.br O objetivo do trabalho foi estabelecer a relação entre a ecobiometria renal com medidas de conformação corporal como a distância atlanto-coccígea (DAC) e a altura (H) de cães adultos saudáveis, obtendo-se parâmetros de normalidade para avaliar o tamanho e volume renal, bem como estabelecer valores de referência para avaliar a perfusão sanguínea dos rins por meio do índice de resistividade (IR) e do índice de pulsatilidade (IP) do ramo principal da artéria renal. No estudo foram utilizados 22 cães adultos sem raça definida, sendo 11 machos e 11 fêmeas. Os animais foram previamente aferidos quanto a DAC e a H. Os exames ultra-sonográficos foram realizados com um aparelho HDI 4000 PHILIPS munido de um transdutor microconvexo multifreqüêncial (5-8 MHz), dispositivos Doppler Colorido e Doppler de Fluxo. Os animais foram posicionados em decúbito lateral direito ou esquerdo, de acordo com o rim a ser avaliado. Os diâmetros longitudinal (DL) e dorsoventral (DDV) dos rins foram mensurados na secção longitudinal e, o diâmetro transversal (DT) foi aferido no plano transversal. O volume (V) foi calculado automaticamente pelo software do ultra-som. Com o uso do Triplex Doppler, o IR e o IP das artérias renais direita e esquerda foram obtidos. Todos os dados foram apresentados em média ± EPM. Análises de regressão linear foram realizadas tendo o DL, DDV, DT e V como variáveis dependentes e a DAC e H como variáveis independentes. Os IR e IP dos rins direito e esquerdo foram comparados pelo teste t de Student. A DAC variou de 54-78cm para machos e 37-71cm para fêmeas e a altura variou entre 34-64 cm para os machos e 24-57cm para as fêmeas. As médias obtidas para DL, DDV, DT e V dos rins esquerdo e direito foram: 5,24±0,27cm, 3,07±0,15cm, 3,07±0,9cm, 28,01±3,4mL e 4,50±0,19cm, 2,88±0,14cm, 2,71±0,15cm, 21,27±2,6mL, respectivamente. As análises de regressão linear entre as medidas lineares e volume renal com a DAC e a H foram significativas para os interceptos e coeficientes de regressão (P<0,01). Houve diferenças estatísticas quando comparado os IR e IP entre os rins direito e esquerdo (P=0,001), sendo que as médias para IR e IP dos rins esquerdo e direito foram 0,62±0,08; 1,34±0,18 e 0,70±0,06; 1,62±0,13; respectivamente. Os dados obtidos no presente trabalho podem auxiliar na avaliação do tamanho, volume e perfusão dos rins de cães adultos.

• Corporal conformation ultrasound renal perfusion Dopplerfluxometry

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Santana E. Jr M., Beserra P.S., Brito A.B., Miranda S.A., Nikolak E. & Domingues S.F.S. 2009. [Renal artery Triplex Doppler and the relationship between kidney ecobiometry with atlanto-coccyges distance (ACD) and height (H) in Canis familiaris.] Triplex Doppler da artéria renal e a relação entre a ecobiometria dos rins com distância atlanto-coccígea (DAC) e altura (H) em Canis familiaris. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(10):809-815. Laboratório de Biologia e Medicina de Animais da Amazônia, Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Hernane Lameira 556, Castanhal, PA 68743-050, Brazil. E-mail: shfarha@ufpa.br The aim of this paper was to establish the relation between the kidney ecobiometry with atlanto-coccyges distance (ACD) and height (H) in adult healthy dogs, to obtain normality parameters for assessment of renal size and volume, as well as establish reference values to evaluate kidney blood perfusion by the resistivity index (RI) and pulsatility index (PI) of main renal artery. The study was applied at 22 adult dogs, 11 males and 11 females. Previously, the DAC and H of all animals were measured. For ultrasonographic examination, the ultra-sound system HDI 4000 PHILIPS equipped with a multi-frequency microconvex transducer, Color Doppler and Spectral Doppler devices was used. The animals were placed into right or left lateral decubitus position, in agreement with the kidney to be assessed. The longitudinal (LD) and dorsoventral diameters (DVD) of kidney were measured in longitudinal plane, and the transverse diameter (TD) was determined in transversal section. The renal volume (V) was automatically calculated by the ultrasound software. With Triplex Doppler, the RI and PI of right and left main renal arteries were obtained. All data were represented in mean ± SEM. Linear regression analyses were performed with renal LD, DVD, TD and V as dependent variable, and ACD and H as independent variable. RI and PI were compared between right and left renal arteries with Student’s t-test. The LD, DVD, TD (cm) and V (ml) mean measurements for the left and right kidneys were: 5.24±0.27, 3.07±0.15, 3.07±0.9, 28.01±3.4 and 4.50±0.19, 2.88±0.14, 2.71±0.15, 21.27±2.6. All regression analyses were significant for the intercept and regression coefficient (P<0.01). There were statistical differences on RI and PI means between right and left renal arteries (P=0.001). The RI and PI means of left and right renal artery obtained were: 0.62±0.08 and 1.34±0.18; 0.70±0.06 and 1.62±0.13. The data obtained in the present paper can be used as parameters for evaluation of the renal size, volume and perfusion in adult dogs.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Arduino G.G.C., Girio R.J.S., Magajevski F.S. & Pereira G.T. 2009. [Agglutinating antibody titers induced by commercial vaccines against bovine leptospirosis.] Títulos de anticorpos aglutinantes induzidos por vacinas comerciais contra leptospirose bovina. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(7):575-582. Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Reprodução Animal, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Via de Acesso Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, Jaboticabal, SP 14884-900, Brazil. E-mail: cocaarduino@yahoo.com.br In the investigation 100 heifers were used, divided into 5 groups of 20 animals each. The four experimental groups were vaccinated using distinct commercial polyvalent bacterines: A, B, C and D, and a group was the control. Samples were collected at days 0, 3, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 42, 56, 63, 70, 77, 84, 91, 120, 150 and 180 from the first injection of the vaccine. The selection of the animals for the experimental groups was done based on a serological screening with 6 antigens of Leptospira sp. constituted by non-reagent animals. The vaccine titers were monitored using the microscopic agglutination test (MAT) for Canicola, Grippotyphosa, Hardjo, Icterohaemorrhagiae, Pomona and Wolffi serovars. All vaccines used were capable to product agglutinins for the Hardjo and Wolffi serovars observed at 3 days after vaccination, remaining until the 150th day; those serovars induced the highest titres of agglutinins. Vaccine D, in spite of not containing the Wolffi serovar, induced the production of agglutinins to this serovar. Agglutinins to the Canicola serovar were only observed in the animals vaccinated with the D bacterine. Vaccine D induced the highest average titers of antibodies to all tested serovars.

• Leptospirosis cattle vaccine agglutinins

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Arduino G.G.C., Girio R.J.S., Magajevski F.S. & Pereira G.T. 2009. [Agglutinating antibody titers induced by commercial vaccines against bovine leptospirosis.] Títulos de anticorpos aglutinantes induzidos por vacinas comerciais contra leptospirose bovina. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(7):575-582. Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Reprodução Animal, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Via de Acesso Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, Jaboticabal, SP 14884-900, Brazil. E-mail: cocaarduino@yahoo.com.br In the investigation 100 heifers were used, divided into 5 groups of 20 animals each. The four experimental groups were vaccinated using distinct commercial polyvalent bacterines: A, B, C and D, and a group was the control. Samples were collected at days 0, 3, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 42, 56, 63, 70, 77, 84, 91, 120, 150 and 180 from the first injection of the vaccine. The selection of the animals for the experimental groups was done based on a serological screening with 6 antigens of Leptospira sp. constituted by non-reagent animals. The vaccine titers were monitored using the microscopic agglutination test (MAT) for Canicola, Grippotyphosa, Hardjo, Icterohaemorrhagiae, Pomona and Wolffi serovars. All vaccines used were capable to product agglutinins for the Hardjo and Wolffi serovars observed at 3 days after vaccination, remaining until the 150th day; those serovars induced the highest titres of agglutinins. Vaccine D, in spite of not containing the Wolffi serovar, induced the production of agglutinins to this serovar. Agglutinins to the Canicola serovar were only observed in the animals vaccinated with the D bacterine. Vaccine D induced the highest average titers of antibodies to all tested serovars.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Silva-Zacarias F.G., Spohr K.A.H., Lima B.A.C., Dias J.A., Müller E.E., Ferreira Neto J.S., Turilli C. & Freitas J.C. 2009. [Prevalence of antibodies against Chlamydophila spp. in herds with bovine abortion of Paraná state, Brazil.] Prevalência de anticorpos anti-Chlamydophila spp. em propriedades rurais com histórico de aborto bovino no estado do Paraná. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(3):215-219. Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid 380, Cx. Postal 6001, Londrina, PR 86051-990, Brazil. E-mail: freitasj@uel.br Chlamydophila abortus is a recognized cause of bovine epizootic abortion. Abortion, premature birth and weak lamb/calf, stillbirth and repeat breeding in irregular intervals are the most frequent disease manifestations. The complement fixation test is the recommended by the World Organization of Animal Health (OIE) for Chlamydophila spp. serologic diagnosis. The aim of this study was estimate the prevalence of antibodies against Chlamydophila spp. in cattle herds with abortion, selected inside the sampling design of National Program of Control and Erradication of Brucellosis in Paraná state. Serum samples of 3,102 cows (age ³ 24 months) from 373 herds were analyzed by complement fixation test. Totally, 44 (1.42%) animal were positive with titers ³ 32. The seroprevalence of Chlamydophila spp. in the herds was 8.82% (6.15%-12.17%). Four variables were associated with seroprevalence for Chlamydophila spp. in the final model of logistic regression: confined or semi-confined breeding (OR=3.339, P=0.004), farms with less than 35 cows (OR=3.339, P=0.017), abortion in the pasture (OR=2.372, P=0.037) and pasture rent (OR=3.398, P=0.006) were risk factors for Chlamydophila spp. This bacterium infected a small number of cattle from herds with abortion in Paraná state. Chlamydophila spp impact as abortion cause is reduced in this state.

• Chlamydophila abortus bovine epizootic abortion serology bacteria

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Silva-Zacarias F.G., Spohr K.A.H., Lima B.A.C., Dias J.A., Müller E.E., Ferreira Neto J.S., Turilli C. & Freitas J.C. 2009. [Prevalence of antibodies against Chlamydophila spp. in herds with bovine abortion of Paraná state, Brazil.] Prevalência de anticorpos anti-Chlamydophila spp. em propriedades rurais com histórico de aborto bovino no estado do Paraná. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(3):215-219. Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid 380, Cx. Postal 6001, Londrina, PR 86051-990, Brazil. E-mail: freitasj@uel.br Chlamydophila abortus is a recognized cause of bovine epizootic abortion. Abortion, premature birth and weak lamb/calf, stillbirth and repeat breeding in irregular intervals are the most frequent disease manifestations. The complement fixation test is the recommended by the World Organization of Animal Health (OIE) for Chlamydophila spp. serologic diagnosis. The aim of this study was estimate the prevalence of antibodies against Chlamydophila spp. in cattle herds with abortion, selected inside the sampling design of National Program of Control and Erradication of Brucellosis in Paraná state. Serum samples of 3,102 cows (age ³ 24 months) from 373 herds were analyzed by complement fixation test. Totally, 44 (1.42%) animal were positive with titers ³ 32. The seroprevalence of Chlamydophila spp. in the herds was 8.82% (6.15%-12.17%). Four variables were associated with seroprevalence for Chlamydophila spp. in the final model of logistic regression: confined or semi-confined breeding (OR=3.339, P=0.004), farms with less than 35 cows (OR=3.339, P=0.017), abortion in the pasture (OR=2.372, P=0.037) and pasture rent (OR=3.398, P=0.006) were risk factors for Chlamydophila spp. This bacterium infected a small number of cattle from herds with abortion in Paraná state. Chlamydophila spp impact as abortion cause is reduced in this state.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Galo K.R, Fonseca A.H., Madureira R.C. & Barbosa Neto J.D. 2009. [Occurrence of homologous anti-Borrelia burgdorferi antibodies in equines in the metropolitan mesorregion of Belém, State of Para, Brazil.] Freqüência de anticorpos homólogos anti-Borrelia burgdorferi em eqüinos na mesorregião metropolitana de Belém, Estado do Pará. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(3):229-232. Departamento de Epidemiologia e Saúde Pública, Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ 23890-000, Brazil. E-mail: adivaldo@ufrrj.br Spirochaetes transmitted by ticks are microorganisms of worldwide distribution, which infect wild, domestic animals and human beings. A total of 300 equine sera from four municipalities: Ananideua (58), Belém (61), Castanhal (131), and Santa Izabel do Pará (50), were evaluated for Borrelia burgdorferi by an Elisa test. There were no significant differences (P<0.05) among municipalities, breed, sex or husbandry. A total of 80 (26.7%) horses were B. burgdorferi positive with titles of 1:800, 72 (90%) horses, 1:1.600, 6 (7.5%) horses, and 1:3.200, 2 (2.5%) horses. The results were similar to those in the USA, where related frequencies ranged from 7 to 75% in asymptomatic seropositive horses. The presence of anti-B.burgdorferi homologous antibodies in horses from four municipalities in the metropolitan mesorregion of Belém suggests the possibility of occurrence of human cases in the region.

• Borrelia burgdorferi Spirochaetacae horses serology

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Galo K.R, Fonseca A.H., Madureira R.C. & Barbosa Neto J.D. 2009. [Occurrence of homologous anti-Borrelia burgdorferi antibodies in equines in the metropolitan mesorregion of Belém, State of Para, Brazil.] Freqüência de anticorpos homólogos anti-Borrelia burgdorferi em eqüinos na mesorregião metropolitana de Belém, Estado do Pará. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(3):229-232. Departamento de Epidemiologia e Saúde Pública, Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ 23890-000, Brazil. E-mail: adivaldo@ufrrj.br Spirochaetes transmitted by ticks are microorganisms of worldwide distribution, which infect wild, domestic animals and human beings. A total of 300 equine sera from four municipalities: Ananideua (58), Belém (61), Castanhal (131), and Santa Izabel do Pará (50), were evaluated for Borrelia burgdorferi by an Elisa test. There were no significant differences (P<0.05) among municipalities, breed, sex or husbandry. A total of 80 (26.7%) horses were B. burgdorferi positive with titles of 1:800, 72 (90%) horses, 1:1.600, 6 (7.5%) horses, and 1:3.200, 2 (2.5%) horses. The results were similar to those in the USA, where related frequencies ranged from 7 to 75% in asymptomatic seropositive horses. The presence of anti-B.burgdorferi homologous antibodies in horses from four municipalities in the metropolitan mesorregion of Belém suggests the possibility of occurrence of human cases in the region.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Modolo J.R., Stachissini A.V.M., Gennari S.M., Dubey J.P., Langoni H., Padovani C.R., Barroso L. & Leite B.L.S. 2008. [Frequency of antibodies anti-Neospora caninum in sera of goats of the State São Paulo and its relationship with flock management.] Freqüência de anticorpos anti-Neospora caninum em soros de caprinos do estado de São Paulo e sua relação com o manejo dos animais. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 28(12):597-600. Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Cx. Postal 524, Rubião Júnior s/n, Botucatu, SP 18618-000, Brazil. E-mail: jrmodolo@fmvz.unesp.br In order to assess the frequency of dairy goats seropositive for Neospora caninum in the state of São Paulo, and its relationship with age, sex, presence of dogs and reproductive problems in goat pens, serum samples were obtained from 923 goats of both sexes older than 3 months of age. Samples were collected in 17 properties located in different municipalities. Neospora agglutination test (NATe”25) was used to determine the presence of Neospora caninum in all animals. Epidemiological and reproductive data were obtained through a questionnaire which was administered in all goat pens. Significance level was set at 5% for all statistical tests. N. caninum positivity rate was 19.77%. Only one of the properties had no seropositive animal revealing N. caninum diffusion in the state. Seropositivity frequency did not correlate with sex, age, or reproductive problems. However, the presence of dogs was associated with a higher frequency of N. caninum seropositivity. A choroplethic map with hatch patterns showing the geographical distribution of goats seropositive for Neospora caninum may considerably contribute to geographic epidemiological studies and the development of disease control strategies.

• Neospora caninum occurrence; goats dogs epidemiological variables reproductive problems geographic distribution

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Modolo J.R., Stachissini A.V.M., Gennari S.M., Dubey J.P., Langoni H., Padovani C.R., Barroso L. & Leite B.L.S. 2008. [Frequency of antibodies anti-Neospora caninum in sera of goats of the State São Paulo and its relationship with flock management.] Freqüência de anticorpos anti-Neospora caninum em soros de caprinos do estado de São Paulo e sua relação com o manejo dos animais. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 28(12):597-600. Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Cx. Postal 524, Rubião Júnior s/n, Botucatu, SP 18618-000, Brazil. E-mail: jrmodolo@fmvz.unesp.br In order to assess the frequency of dairy goats seropositive for Neospora caninum in the state of São Paulo, and its relationship with age, sex, presence of dogs and reproductive problems in goat pens, serum samples were obtained from 923 goats of both sexes older than 3 months of age. Samples were collected in 17 properties located in different municipalities. Neospora agglutination test (NATe”25) was used to determine the presence of Neospora caninum in all animals. Epidemiological and reproductive data were obtained through a questionnaire which was administered in all goat pens. Significance level was set at 5% for all statistical tests. N. caninum positivity rate was 19.77%. Only one of the properties had no seropositive animal revealing N. caninum diffusion in the state. Seropositivity frequency did not correlate with sex, age, or reproductive problems. However, the presence of dogs was associated with a higher frequency of N. caninum seropositivity. A choroplethic map with hatch patterns showing the geographical distribution of goats seropositive for Neospora caninum may considerably contribute to geographic epidemiological studies and the development of disease control strategies.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Modolo J.R., Langoni H., Padovani C.R., Barrozo L.V., Leite B.L.S., Gennari S.M. & Stachissini A.V.M. 2009.[Occurrence of anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in goat sera in the state of São Paulo, and its association with epidemiological variables, reproductive problems and risks on public health.] Avaliação da ocorrência de anticorpos anti-Toxoplasma gondii, em soros de caprinos do estado de São Paulo, e associação com variáveis epidemiológicas, problemas reprodutivos e riscos à saúde pública. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 28(12):606-610. Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Cx. Postal 524, Botucatu, SP 18618-000, SP, Brazil. E-mail: jrmodolo@fmvz.unesp.br The study evaluated the anti-Toxplasma gondii antibodies occurrence in dairy goats in São Paulo State, and also verified likely associations with age, sex, presence of cats, occurrence of reproductive problems, and potential risks to public health. Serum was obtained from 923 animals of both sex, over three months of age from 17 properties in different cities. For the diagnosis, the indirect immunofluorescence reaction (RIFIe”16) and a questionnaire about health to collect epidemiological information and the reproductive cycle of every goat were used. Among all properties, 15 foci of T. gondii were diagnosed with seropositivity ranging from 2.70% to 81.25%. Neither association between the frequency of seropositivity and the sex of animals nor occurrence of reproduction failure of goats was identified. There was positive influence of anti-T. gondii antibody rate due to the older age of the animals and the presence of cats in pens. The risk of transmitting T. gondii to the public health must be considered, once in some properties where the positive serology was verified natural, products such as milk and/or meat are commercialized. Results were discussed at 5% level of significance.

• Toxoplasma gondii occurrence commercialization map distribution dairy goats

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Modolo J.R., Langoni H., Padovani C.R., Barrozo L.V., Leite B.L.S., Gennari S.M. & Stachissini A.V.M. 2009.[Occurrence of anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in goat sera in the state of São Paulo, and its association with epidemiological variables, reproductive problems and risks on public health.] Avaliação da ocorrência de anticorpos anti-Toxoplasma gondii, em soros de caprinos do estado de São Paulo, e associação com variáveis epidemiológicas, problemas reprodutivos e riscos à saúde pública. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 28(12):606-610. Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Cx. Postal 524, Botucatu, SP 18618-000, SP, Brazil. E-mail: jrmodolo@fmvz.unesp.br The study evaluated the anti-Toxplasma gondii antibodies occurrence in dairy goats in São Paulo State, and also verified likely associations with age, sex, presence of cats, occurrence of reproductive problems, and potential risks to public health. Serum was obtained from 923 animals of both sex, over three months of age from 17 properties in different cities. For the diagnosis, the indirect immunofluorescence reaction (RIFIe”16) and a questionnaire about health to collect epidemiological information and the reproductive cycle of every goat were used. Among all properties, 15 foci of T. gondii were diagnosed with seropositivity ranging from 2.70% to 81.25%. Neither association between the frequency of seropositivity and the sex of animals nor occurrence of reproduction failure of goats was identified. There was positive influence of anti-T. gondii antibody rate due to the older age of the animals and the presence of cats in pens. The risk of transmitting T. gondii to the public health must be considered, once in some properties where the positive serology was verified natural, products such as milk and/or meat are commercialized. Results were discussed at 5% level of significance.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Vieira R.C., Bombardiere E., Oliveira J.J., Lino-Júnior R.S., Brito L.A.B. & Junqueira-Kipnis A.P. 2008. [Influence of Copaifera langsdorffii oil on the repair of a surgical wound in the presence of foreign body.] Influência do óleo de Copaifera langsdorffii no reparo de ferida cirúrgica em presença de corpo estranho. Revista Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 28(8):358-366. Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública (IPTSP), UFG, Rua 235 s/n, Sala 325, Setor Universitário, Goiânia, GO 74605-050, Brazil. E-mail: rafael.objetivo@gmail.com Copaifera langsdorffii is a Brazilian native leguminosae that produce resin-oil, popularly known as copaíba oil. This oil is used for the treatment of skin wound due to its recognized antiinflammatory and wound healing effects. Despite, its popular use, there are few published data about the therapeutic effect of this medicinal plant. The aim of the study was to evaluate the topic treatment effect of the Copaíba oil on the process of skin repair inflammation induced by a foreign body subcutanously implanted. Sixty BALB/c mice were submitted to a 1cm linear incision and a 12mm circle coverslip was subcutaneously implanted. Four treatments groups were established: control, sterile saline (C); vehicle control, sterile mineral oil, (VC); treatment 1 (T1), mineral oil plus copaiba oil (V/V), and treatment 2 (T2) copaiba oil. The evaluations were performed at pre-determined time points (1, 3, 5, 7 and 14 days). It was possible to find fibroblasts, epithelial cells proliferation, re-epithelization and newly formed blood vessels in all groups, however, all oil treated groups (T1 and T2) did not present re-epithelization at three days post surgical incision. On days 5 and 7, a higher intensity of edema and hyperemia on the groups T1 and T2 was observed, besides that, the T1 and T2 groups presented a serous cellular scab on the wounds that was absent on the C and VC groups. The inflammatory reactions among the groups C and VC showed more mononuclear cells than the T1 and T2 groups that presented a mixed cell patter composed from both mono and polymorphonuclear cells. Although the surgical wounds were re-epithelizaded, in the groups T1 and T2, they were covered by a serous cellular crust and the dermis tissue still presented an intense mononuclear cell inflammatory focus. Fourteen days after of the surgical incision, the gross aspects on groups C and VC were similar and on groups T1 and T2, despite wound to be completely closed and without crusts, the skin those animals was thickened. Furthermore, the dermis on group T2 presented moderate fibrosis, while the other groups presented slightly ones. The results demonstrated that topical treatment with C. langsdorffii oil debilitated the normal process of a wound repair in the presence of a foreign body.

• Copaifera langsdorffii copaíba wound healing anti-inflammatory

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Vieira R.C., Bombardiere E., Oliveira J.J., Lino-Júnior R.S., Brito L.A.B. & Junqueira-Kipnis A.P. 2008. [Influence of Copaifera langsdorffii oil on the repair of a surgical wound in the presence of foreign body.] Influência do óleo de Copaifera langsdorffii no reparo de ferida cirúrgica em presença de corpo estranho. Revista Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 28(8):358-366. Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública (IPTSP), UFG, Rua 235 s/n, Sala 325, Setor Universitário, Goiânia, GO 74605-050, Brazil. E-mail: rafael.objetivo@gmail.com Copaifera langsdorffii is a Brazilian native leguminosae that produce resin-oil, popularly known as copaíba oil. This oil is used for the treatment of skin wound due to its recognized antiinflammatory and wound healing effects. Despite, its popular use, there are few published data about the therapeutic effect of this medicinal plant. The aim of the study was to evaluate the topic treatment effect of the Copaíba oil on the process of skin repair inflammation induced by a foreign body subcutanously implanted. Sixty BALB/c mice were submitted to a 1cm linear incision and a 12mm circle coverslip was subcutaneously implanted. Four treatments groups were established: control, sterile saline (C); vehicle control, sterile mineral oil, (VC); treatment 1 (T1), mineral oil plus copaiba oil (V/V), and treatment 2 (T2) copaiba oil. The evaluations were performed at pre-determined time points (1, 3, 5, 7 and 14 days). It was possible to find fibroblasts, epithelial cells proliferation, re-epithelization and newly formed blood vessels in all groups, however, all oil treated groups (T1 and T2) did not present re-epithelization at three days post surgical incision. On days 5 and 7, a higher intensity of edema and hyperemia on the groups T1 and T2 was observed, besides that, the T1 and T2 groups presented a serous cellular scab on the wounds that was absent on the C and VC groups. The inflammatory reactions among the groups C and VC showed more mononuclear cells than the T1 and T2 groups that presented a mixed cell patter composed from both mono and polymorphonuclear cells. Although the surgical wounds were re-epithelizaded, in the groups T1 and T2, they were covered by a serous cellular crust and the dermis tissue still presented an intense mononuclear cell inflammatory focus. Fourteen days after of the surgical incision, the gross aspects on groups C and VC were similar and on groups T1 and T2, despite wound to be completely closed and without crusts, the skin those animals was thickened. Furthermore, the dermis on group T2 presented moderate fibrosis, while the other groups presented slightly ones. The results demonstrated that topical treatment with C. langsdorffii oil debilitated the normal process of a wound repair in the presence of a foreign body.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- La Paz M.N., Fonseca V.U., Campos D.B., Artoni L.P., Sousa L.M.M.C. & Papa P.C. 2007. [In vitro progesterone production from bovine corpus luteum throughout gestation.] Produção de progesterona in vitro pelas células do corpo lúteo bovino ao longo da gestação. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 27(9):370376. Setor de Anatomia, Departamento de Cirurgia, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques Paiva, 87, SP 05508-270, Brazil. E-mail: ppapa@usp.br The aim was to test the hypothesis that cultivated bovine luteal cells from three different thirds of pregnancy behave the same way as in vivo luteal cells relative to P4 production. Corpus luteum samples from days 90 (n=3), 150 (n=3) and 210 (n=3) of pregnancy were obtained at a local slaughterhouse. Under aseptic conditions cells were mechanically dispersed and cultivated in a 96 wells-plate. After 24 hours of culture, cells were washed and the precursor pregnenolone was added. Experiments were conducted eight times for each studied time period (24, 48 and 96 h) and three times for each gestational age. Culture medium and cells were collected after 24, 48 and 96 hours of precursor addition and kept frozen at -20oC until processing. Progesterone was measured by RIA and protein content by Lowry’s method. Results were statistically analyzed and considered different when p <0.05. A higher P4 production was observed on day 90 of gestation (35.277±0.075), then this production was decreased at day 150 (28.820±0.231) and increased again at day 210 (32.777±0.099). After 24 hours of culture, luteal cells P4 production reached maximum values in the group of 90 days (2.912±0.047) when compared to 150 (2.669±0.137) and 210 days (2.741±0.088). At 48 and 96 hours of culture, bovine luteal cells from day 90 of gestation produced more P4 than cells from day 210 (2.934±0.029 and 2.976±0.121 respectively x 2.760±0.059 and 2.695±0.149, respectively; p<0.05), which in turn, produced more P4 than cells from day 150 (2.334±0.084 for 48 h and 2.205±0.136 for 96 h). Luteal cells from day 150 of gestation presented a decreasing P4 production throughout the 96 hours of culture. These differences could be explained by differential gene expression of enzymes and/or factors belonging to the esteroidogenic cascade in accordance to the gestational period. The established luteal cell culture model could be used for further functional studies once P4 secretion pattern in vitro resembled what occurs in vivo.

• Corpus luteum gestation progesterone cell culture

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- La Paz M.N., Fonseca V.U., Campos D.B., Artoni L.P., Sousa L.M.M.C. & Papa P.C. 2007. [In vitro progesterone production from bovine corpus luteum throughout gestation.] Produção de progesterona in vitro pelas células do corpo lúteo bovino ao longo da gestação. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 27(9):370376. Setor de Anatomia, Departamento de Cirurgia, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques Paiva, 87, SP 05508-270, Brazil. E-mail: ppapa@usp.br The aim was to test the hypothesis that cultivated bovine luteal cells from three different thirds of pregnancy behave the same way as in vivo luteal cells relative to P4 production. Corpus luteum samples from days 90 (n=3), 150 (n=3) and 210 (n=3) of pregnancy were obtained at a local slaughterhouse. Under aseptic conditions cells were mechanically dispersed and cultivated in a 96 wells-plate. After 24 hours of culture, cells were washed and the precursor pregnenolone was added. Experiments were conducted eight times for each studied time period (24, 48 and 96 h) and three times for each gestational age. Culture medium and cells were collected after 24, 48 and 96 hours of precursor addition and kept frozen at -20oC until processing. Progesterone was measured by RIA and protein content by Lowry’s method. Results were statistically analyzed and considered different when p <0.05. A higher P4 production was observed on day 90 of gestation (35.277±0.075), then this production was decreased at day 150 (28.820±0.231) and increased again at day 210 (32.777±0.099). After 24 hours of culture, luteal cells P4 production reached maximum values in the group of 90 days (2.912±0.047) when compared to 150 (2.669±0.137) and 210 days (2.741±0.088). At 48 and 96 hours of culture, bovine luteal cells from day 90 of gestation produced more P4 than cells from day 210 (2.934±0.029 and 2.976±0.121 respectively x 2.760±0.059 and 2.695±0.149, respectively; p<0.05), which in turn, produced more P4 than cells from day 150 (2.334±0.084 for 48 h and 2.205±0.136 for 96 h). Luteal cells from day 150 of gestation presented a decreasing P4 production throughout the 96 hours of culture. These differences could be explained by differential gene expression of enzymes and/or factors belonging to the esteroidogenic cascade in accordance to the gestational period. The established luteal cell culture model could be used for further functional studies once P4 secretion pattern in vitro resembled what occurs in vivo.