PESQUISA VETERINÁRIA BRASILEIRA

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Araújo F.A.P., Rahal S.C., Machado M.R.F., Teixeira C.R., Lorena S.E.R.S. & Barbosa L. 2009. [Goniometry of the hind limbs of pacas (Cuniculus paca) raised in captivity.] Goniometria dos membros pélvicos de pacas (Cuniculus paca) criadas em cativeiro. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(12):1004-1008. Departamento de Cirurgia e Anestesiologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Campus de Botucatu, Distrito de Rubião Junior s/n, Botucatu, SP 18650-000, Brazil. E-mail: fabioandre@fmvz.unesp.br The aim of this study was to evaluate by goniometry the hind limbs of pacas raised in captivity. Eight mature pacas (Cuniculus paca), three females and five males, weighing 6.0-8.2 kg, were used. The quantity of joint flexion and extension motion of the hip joint, stifle joint and tarsocrural joint was measured using a plastic standard goniometer. Under dissociative anesthesia, two measures were made for each member in each animal by the same observer at an interval of one week. There were no statistical differences of the quantity of joint motion between the moments. The flexion and extension angles varied from 1o to 5o in each moment for the same observer. The mean values of the angles of flexion and extension were, respectively, 43.96o±7.62 and 118.31o±9.79 for hip joint, 54.25o±10.24 and 131.53o±7.89 for stifle joint, and 45.94o±7.16 and 145.03o±5.06 for tarsocrural joint. Thus, it was observed that the range of motion of the pacas is greater in the tarsocrural joint, followed respectively by stifle and hip joints.

• Goniometria pacas Cuniculus paca

Abstract in Portuguese:

RESUMO.- Araújo F.A.P., Rahal S.C., Machado M.R.F., Teixeira C.R., Lorena S.E.R.S. & Barbosa L. 2009. [Goniometry of the hind limbs of pacas (Cuniculus paca) raised in captivity.] Goniometria dos membros pélvicos de pacas (Cuniculus paca) criadas em cativeiro. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(12):1004-1008. Departamento de Cirurgia e Anestesiologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Campus de Botucatu, Distrito de Rubião Junior s/n, Botucatu, SP 18650-000, Brazil. E-mail: fabioandre@fmvz.unesp.br O trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar por meio de estudos goniométricos os membros pélvicos de pacas criadas em cativeiro. Foram utilizadas oito pacas (Cuniculus paca), sendo três fêmeas e cinco machos, com peso entre 6,0 kg e 8,2 kg, nos quais foi aferido o movimento de extensão e flexão das articulações coxofemoral, joelho e tarsocrural utilizando-se um goniômetro de plástico. Foram realizadas duas aferições para cada membro pelo mesmo avaliador, com intervalo de uma semana entre cada aferição, com os animais sob anestesia dissociativa. Não houve diferença estatística nas aferições dos ângulos entres os momentos. As variações entre as medidas de flexão e extensão, efetuadas em cada momento pelo mesmo avaliador, foi entre 1o e 5o para cada membro. Os valores goniométricos médios foram: flexão de 43,96o±7,62 e extensão de 118,31o±9,79 para a articulação coxofemoral; flexão de 54,25o±10,24 e extensão 131,53o±7,89 para o joelho; flexão de 45,94o±7,16 e extensão de 145,03o±5,06 para a articulação tarsocrural. Sendo assim, observou-se que a amplitude de movimento das pacas é maior na articulação tarsocrural, seguida respectivamente do joelho e da articulação coxofemoral.

Abstract in English:

RESUMO.- Costa F.B., Alves F.R., Costa A.P., Barros A.C.E., Guerra P.C., Sousa A.L. & Oliveira A.S. 2009. Ultrasonographic and radiographic determination of egg development of jurarás (Kinosternon scorpioides) in captivity. [Determinação ultrassonográfica e radiográfica do desenvolvimento de ovos de jurarás em cativeiro.] Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(10):841-846. Departamento das Clínicas, Universidade Estadual do Maranhão, Cidade Universitária Paulo VI, Tirirical, Cx. Postal 9, São Luís, MA 65055-310, Brazil. E-mail: franc.borges@yahoo.com.br A tartaruga Kinosternon scorpioides (Linnaeus, 1766), com nome popular de jurará, é uma espécie bastante variável, e muitos nomes diferentes são atribuídos às suas populações, de acordo com sua localização geográfica. Atualmente, quatro subespécies foram validadas como K. scorpioides surgindo desde o extremo Sul do Panamá e norte da América do Sul, podendo ser encontradas ainda no Equador, no norte do Peru, sul da Bolívia, norte da Argentina, leste da Guiana e no Brasil. Desde modo, foi realizado um estudo ultrassonográfico e radiológico, a fim de descrever a morfologia e o desenvolvimento dos ovos de K. scorpioides em cativeiro, utilizando-se 20 fêmeas, no período de setembro de 2005 a agosto de 2006. No primeiro mês, o ciclo ovariano foi caracterizado pela ausência de folículos vitelogênicos, atrésicos ou presença de ovos em ovidutos. De outubro de 2005 a março de 2006 a varredura ultrassonográfica permitiu determinar o crescimento vitelogênico dos folículos, os quais foram observados com um formato que variou de ovóide a esférico, envolvidos por um conteúdo ecogênico, uma camada não-ecogência de albumina e uma casca de elevada ecogenicidade. Ovos presentes em ovidutos foram identificados por radiografias apenas 180 dias após início do experimento, quando a casca tornou-se suficientemente mineralizada para impressionar o filme radiográfico. Um transdutor linear de 7,5 MHz promoveu imagens com resolução e penetração adequada para visibilização de folículos. Exames ultrassonográficos sucessivos em fêmeas K. scorpioides permitiram determinar os estágios iniciais de desenvolvimento de folículos vitelogênicos e o exame radiográfico mostrou-se como técnica simples para avaliar a presença de ovos em ovidutos, permitindo fazer inferências sobre desenvolvimento de ovos em jurarás, a partir dos 6 meses de pós-observação por ultrassonografia.

• Kinosternon scorpioides jurará mud turtle wildlife conservation reproduction

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Costa F.B., Alves F.R., Costa A.P., Barros A.C.E, Guerra P.C., Sousa A.L. & Oliveira A.S. 2009. Ultrasonographic and radiographic determination of egg development of jurarás (Kinosternon scorpioides) in captivity. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(10):841-846. Departamento das Clínicas, Universidade Estadual do Maranhão, Cidade Universitária Paulo VI, Tirirical, Cx. Postal 9, São Luís, MA 65055-310, Brazil. E-mail: franc.borges@yahoo.com.br Kinosternon scorpioides (Linnaeus, 1766), with its common name of jurará, is a quite variable species of turtles, and many different names have been applied to populations throughout its range. Currently, however, four subspecies are considered valid as K. scorpioides arises from southern Panama over most of northern South America and is found in Ecuador, northern Peru, southern Bolivia, northern Argentina, eastern Guyana and Brazil. Thus, an ultrasonographic and radiographic study was performed in order to describe the morphology and development of eggs of 20 female jurará mud turtles K. scorpioides, from September 2005 to August 2006. In the first month, the ovarian cycle was characterized by absence of vitellogenic follicles, atresic follicles or oviduct eggs. From October 2005 to March 2006 on, ultrasonographic scanning allowed to establish the growing vitellogenic follicles. Vitellogenic follicles were observed with spherical to ovoid shapes, with a surrounding echogenic yolk, a nonechogenic albumin layer, and a high echogenic shell. The oviduct eggs were identified by radiography just 180 days after beginning the experiment, when the shell became enough mineralized to impress the radiographic film. This experiment allowed to obtain by means of the 7.5 MHz linear probe images with adequate resolution and penetration for visualization of follicles. Successive ultrasonographic examinations of 20 K. scorpioides females allowed to access initial stages of vitellogenic follicles and oviduct eggs, and radiographic examination revealed to be an easy technique to assess oviduct eggs and to allow evaluation of egg development in jurarás, from 6 months on.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Godoy S.N., Alves V.A.F., Kanamura C.T. & Matushima E.R. 2009. [Main neoplasic processes in psittacines birds kept in captivity.] Principais processos neoplásicos encontrados em psitacídeos mantidos em cativeiro. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(6):445-451. Instituto Brasileiro de Meio Ambiente e Recursos Naturais Renováveis, SHIN CA 02, Bloco D, Apto 408, Ed. Spazio Uno, Brasilia, DF 71.503-502, Brazil. E-mail: silng@uol.com.br An anatomopathologic study of 130 captivy psittacines from zoos, breeders and rehabilitation centers showed the presence of neoplastic disease in seven birds, totalizing 5.4% of the cases. The neoplasms were identified like cholangiocarcinoma, cholangioma, lymphoma, haemangiosarcoma and renal cell carcinoma. The cholangiocarcinoma was the tumor most commonly observed. it was present in birds. This study describes the macro and microscopic findings of these tumors; also reports diagnostic methods employed to identify these neoplasms.

• Neoplasms birds Psittacines pathology

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Godoy S.N., Alves V.A.F., Kanamura C.T. & Matushima E.R. 2009. [Main neoplasic processes in psittacines birds kept in captivity.] Principais processos neoplásicos encontrados em psitacídeos mantidos em cativeiro. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(6):445-451. Instituto Brasileiro de Meio Ambiente e Recursos Naturais Renováveis, SHIN CA 02, Bloco D, Apto 408, Ed. Spazio Uno, Brasilia, DF 71.503-502, Brazil. E-mail: silng@uol.com.br An anatomopathologic study of 130 captivy psittacines from zoos, breeders and rehabilitation centers showed the presence of neoplastic disease in seven birds, totalizing 5.4% of the cases. The neoplasms were identified like cholangiocarcinoma, cholangioma, lymphoma, haemangiosarcoma and renal cell carcinoma. The cholangiocarcinoma was the tumor most commonly observed. it was present in birds. This study describes the macro and microscopic findings of these tumors; also reports diagnostic methods employed to identify these neoplasms.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Fonteque J.H., Kohayagawa A., Takahira R.K., Bianchi E.H., Cherubini A.L., Piccinin A., Bruder E.M. & Ramos P.R.R. 2009. [Serum protein electrophoresis profile of the rattlesnake Crotalus durissus terrificus kept in captivity.] Perfil eletroforético das proteínas séricas de serpentes Crotalus durissus terrificus (cascavel) criadas em cativeiro. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(6):457-460. Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Hospital de Clínica Veterinária, Centro de Ciências Agroveterinárias, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Av. Luiz de Camões 2090, Lages, SC 88520-000, Brazil. E-mail: fonteque@cav.udesc.br The poisonous snakes of the genera Crotalus and Bothrops have been kept in captivity with the purpose of extracting poison for the production of immunobiological. Knowledge of the physiology of these animals and serum proteins concentration changes are important for early identification of major diseases which lead to states of hypoproteinemia and hyperproteinemia. The objective was to determine the concentration of total protein and serum protein electrophoresis profile of Crotalus durissus terrificus (rattlesnake) in captivity. Blood samples were taken from the ventral coccygeal vein of 21 adult and healthy snakes divided into groups: Group 1 with 12 males, weighing in average 588.89±193.55g, and Group 2 with nine females, weighing in average 708.33±194.04g. The total serum concentration of protein was determined by the method of refractometry and agarose gel electrophoresis. The total protein values in the serum for females was 4.82±0.72, for males 4.51±0.50 and males and females 4.64±0.61, identified by four fractions (g/dL): albumin, a, b and g-globulin. Additionally the albumin/globulin ratio was calculated. The female snakes showed higher values for the variables, albumin and the albumin/globulin (AG) differed significantly (P<0.05) from the group of male snakes, but there was no clinical significance.

• Protein fractions albumin alpha beta and gamma-globulin sex agarose gel

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Fonteque J.H., Kohayagawa A., Takahira R.K., Bianchi E.H., Cherubini A.L., Piccinin A., Bruder E.M. & Ramos P.R.R. 2009. [Serum protein electrophoresis profile of the rattlesnake Crotalus durissus terrificus kept in captivity.] Perfil eletroforético das proteínas séricas de serpentes Crotalus durissus terrificus (cascavel) criadas em cativeiro. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(6):457-460. Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Hospital de Clínica Veterinária, Centro de Ciências Agroveterinárias, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Av. Luiz de Camões 2090, Lages, SC 88520-000, Brazil. E-mail: fonteque@cav.udesc.br The poisonous snakes of the genera Crotalus and Bothrops have been kept in captivity with the purpose of extracting poison for the production of immunobiological. Knowledge of the physiology of these animals and serum proteins concentration changes are important for early identification of major diseases which lead to states of hypoproteinemia and hyperproteinemia. The objective was to determine the concentration of total protein and serum protein electrophoresis profile of Crotalus durissus terrificus (rattlesnake) in captivity. Blood samples were taken from the ventral coccygeal vein of 21 adult and healthy snakes divided into groups: Group 1 with 12 males, weighing in average 588.89±193.55g, and Group 2 with nine females, weighing in average 708.33±194.04g. The total serum concentration of protein was determined by the method of refractometry and agarose gel electrophoresis. The total protein values in the serum for females was 4.82±0.72, for males 4.51±0.50 and males and females 4.64±0.61, identified by four fractions (g/dL): albumin, a, b and g-globulin. Additionally the albumin/globulin ratio was calculated. The female snakes showed higher values for the variables, albumin and the albumin/globulin (AG) differed significantly (P<0.05) from the group of male snakes, but there was no clinical significance.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Rossi Jr J.L., Gioso M.A., Teles M.Q. & Domingues-F. L.M. 2007. [Accompaniment of the dental growth in Puma concolor kept in captivity.] Acompanhamento do crescimento dental em Puma concolor mantido em cativeiro. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 27(5):205-208. Departamento de Cirurgia da Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando de Marques de Paiva 87, Bloco 8-superior, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP 05508-270, Brazil. E-mail: vetjrossi@gmail.com The development of dentistry is delayed in the preventive internal medicine for wild animals. Some international papers about wild animal dentistry have already been published regarding some species in wild life or kept in captivity in different geographical regions, but not specifically about the great neotropical felines Panthera onca and Puma concolor. The aim of this study was to survey the prevalence of malocclusion in neotropical felines maintained in the state of São Paulo. For the study a sample of 42 jaguars (Panthera onca) and 36 pumas (Puma concolor) was used, totalizing 78 animals, proceeding from 18 institutions where such species were kept in captivity. All animals were examined if the occlusion was in accordance with the normal for the species. The teeth were identified one by one, examined directly by means of a dental explorer. Malocclusion was present in 47.61% (20 cases) in Panthera onca, and in 5.55% (2 cases) of Puma concolor. The animals with malocclusions apparently did not have problems of food apprehension or chewing ability, although they presented a more reduced interproximal space, with food accumulation the lack of removal of which could provoke oral problems.

• Felidae Puma concolor captivity animals stomatognathic system

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Rossi Jr J.L., Gioso M.A., Teles M.Q. & Domingues-F. L.M. 2007. [Accompaniment of the dental growth in Puma concolor kept in captivity.] Acompanhamento do crescimento dental em Puma concolor mantido em cativeiro. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 27(5):205-208. Departamento de Cirurgia da Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando de Marques de Paiva 87, Bloco 8-superior, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP 05508-270, Brazil. E-mail: vetjrossi@gmail.com The development of dentistry is delayed in the preventive internal medicine for wild animals. Some international papers about wild animal dentistry have already been published regarding some species in wild life or kept in captivity in different geographical regions, but not specifically about the great neotropical felines Panthera onca and Puma concolor. The aim of this study was to survey the prevalence of malocclusion in neotropical felines maintained in the state of São Paulo. For the study a sample of 42 jaguars (Panthera onca) and 36 pumas (Puma concolor) was used, totalizing 78 animals, proceeding from 18 institutions where such species were kept in captivity. All animals were examined if the occlusion was in accordance with the normal for the species. The teeth were identified one by one, examined directly by means of a dental explorer. Malocclusion was present in 47.61% (20 cases) in Panthera onca, and in 5.55% (2 cases) of Puma concolor. The animals with malocclusions apparently did not have problems of food apprehension or chewing ability, although they presented a more reduced interproximal space, with food accumulation the lack of removal of which could provoke oral problems.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Rossi Jr J.L., Gioso M.A. & Domingues-F. L.M. 2007. [A comparative study about the prevalence of periodontal disease in Panthera onca, living in captivity and in the wild.] Estudo comparativo sobre prevalência de doença periodontal em Panthera onca mantida em cativeiro e em indivíduos de natureza. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 27(5):209-214. Departamento de Cirurgia da Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando de Marques de Paiva 87, Bloco 8-superior, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil. E-mail: vetjrossi@gmail.com The aim was to survey the main oral lesions related with periodontal disease of jaguars, Panthera onca, living in captivity or in the wild, as conservation of threatened animals from extinction, as in case of the jaguar, and the preservation of such species in free life may be determined by environmental conditions which can influence oral health. Forty-two jaguars (P. onca) kept in captivity in 18 institutions in the state of São Paulo were studied. The animals to be examined were anesthetized by the Plan of Neotropical Handling of Felids. Additionally, 4 jaguars (P. onca) proceeding from wild life were captured for the study on Farm Sete, municipality of Miranda, Mato Grosso do Sul, in the southern Pantanal. All animals surveyed in captivity showed various degrees of oral lesions related to periodontal disease. The animals living in the wild did not present any clinical signs of oral lesions.

• Felidae Panthera onca captivity animals stomatognathic system periodontal disease

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Rossi Jr J.L., Gioso M.A. & Domingues-F. L.M. 2007. [A comparative study about the prevalence of periodontal disease in Panthera onca, living in captivity and in the wild.] Estudo comparativo sobre prevalência de doença periodontal em Panthera onca mantida em cativeiro e em indivíduos de natureza. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 27(5):209-214. Departamento de Cirurgia da Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando de Marques de Paiva 87, Bloco 8-superior, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil. E-mail: vetjrossi@gmail.com The aim was to survey the main oral lesions related with periodontal disease of jaguars, Panthera onca, living in captivity or in the wild, as conservation of threatened animals from extinction, as in case of the jaguar, and the preservation of such species in free life may be determined by environmental conditions which can influence oral health. Forty-two jaguars (P. onca) kept in captivity in 18 institutions in the state of São Paulo were studied. The animals to be examined were anesthetized by the Plan of Neotropical Handling of Felids. Additionally, 4 jaguars (P. onca) proceeding from wild life were captured for the study on Farm Sete, municipality of Miranda, Mato Grosso do Sul, in the southern Pantanal. All animals surveyed in captivity showed various degrees of oral lesions related to periodontal disease. The animals living in the wild did not present any clinical signs of oral lesions.

Abstract in English:

The objective of this study was to determine the attack rate of vampire bats, Desmodus rotundus (Geoffroy, 1810), on cattle kept in captivity. It was observed that the bats returned to wounds previously made by them, but without a rigorous pattern of repetition. New wounds were made almost everyday, while old wounds were temporarily or definitively abandoned. Vampire bats fed on all regions of the body, although showed preference for the front legs, dorsal region, hind legs and withers. Finally, a great number of wounds were opened, whereas only a few were utilized on the sarne night.

• Attack rate feeding behavior Desmodus rotundus Chiroptera cattle captivity observation

Abstract in Portuguese:

O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a taxa de ataque de morcegos hematófagos Desmodus rotundus alimentando-se em bovinos mantidos em cativeiro. Observou-se que os morcegos retornam aos ferimentos por eles provocados anteriormente, porém sem um padrão rigoroso de repetitividade. Eles abrem novos ferimentos quase que diariamente e abandonam temporária ou definitivamente outros. Os morcegos sugaram em todas as regiões corporais dos bovinos, mas preferencialmente nos membros anteriores, dorso, membros posteriores e cernelha. Finalmente, causam um grande número de ferimentos nos animais, apesar de utilizarem poucos deles por dia.

• Taxa de ataque comportamento alimentar Desmodus rotundus Chiroptera bovinos observação em cativeiro