PESQUISA VETERINÁRIA BRASILEIRA

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Zambrano R.S., Fonseca F.A., Dias G.M.B., Alves G.E.S., Lima E.M.M., Vianna A.R.C.B. & Godoy R.F. 2011. [Cytological and physicochemical aspects of the temporomandibular joint synovial fluid of horses in different ages.] Aspectos fisicoquímicos e citológicos do líquido sinovial da articulação temporomandibular de equinos em diferentes idades. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 31(10):926-932. Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Brasília, ICC Sul, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Cx. Postal 4508, Brasília, DF 70910-970, Brazil. E-mail: robertagodoy@unb.br The synovial fluid analysis is very important to identify cytology and chemical modifications of suppurative and nonsuppurative inflammatory diseases, bleeding, neoplasm or infectious diseases. The aim of this study was to analyze the physicochemical and cytological aspects of temporomandibular joint synovial fluid in 24 healthy horses, 12 males and 12 females, who were divided into four groups: control group (Gc) with age varied between five to 13 years, group 1 (G1), with ages varied between five and seven years, group 2 (G2) age varied between eight and ten years and group 3 (G3) with age varied between 11 and 13. The synovial fluid was evaluated for volume, pH, density, glucose, total protein, red blood cells, nucleated cells, neutrophils, lymphocytes and macrophages. The animals in this study were treated for minor dental abnormalities and it was not possible to detect changes in physicochemical and cytologic synovial fluid between the different groups.

• Joint synovial fluid articulação líquido sinoval

Abstract in Portuguese:

RESUMO.- Zambrano R.S., Fonseca F.A., Dias G.M.B., Alves G.E.S., Lima E.M.M., Vianna A.R.C.B. & Godoy R.F. 2011. [Cytological and physicochemical aspects of the temporomandibular joint synovial fluid of horses in different ages.] Aspectos fisicoquímicos e citológicos do líquido sinovial da articulação temporomandibular de equinos em diferentes idades. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 31(10):926-932. Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Brasília, ICC Sul, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Cx. Postal 4508, Brasília, DF 70910-970, Brazil. E-mail: robertagodoy@unb.br A análise do líquido sinovial é de grande importância para identificar alterações citológicas e químicas de afecções inflamatórias supurativas e não supurativas, hemorragias, neoplasia ou doenças infecciosas. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar os aspectos fisicoquímicos e citológicos do líquido sinovial da articulação temporomandibular em 24 equinos hígidos, sendo 12 machos e 12 fêmeas, que foram divididos em quatro grupos, sendo um grupo controle (Gc) com a idade variando de cinco a 13 anos, grupo 1 (G1) com a idade variando entre cinco e sete anos, grupo 2 (G2) com idade variando entre oito e dez anos e grupo 3 (G3) com idade que varia entre 11 e 13 anos. O líquido sinovial foi avaliado quanto ao seu volume, pH, densidade, glicose, proteínas totais, hemácias, células nucleadas, neutrófilos, linfócitos e macrófagos. Os animais do presente estudo foram tratados para alterações dentárias leves e não foi possível detectar alterações fisicoquímicas e citológicas no líquido sinovial entre os diferentes grupos.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Menezes L.B., Fioravanti M.C.S., Silva M.S.B., Franco L.G., Sales T.P., Andrascko M.M., Veado J.C.C & Araújo E.G. 2010. [Evaluation of chlorpromazine effect at renal function in dogs submitted to ischemia and reperfusion.] Avaliação do efeito da clorpromazina sobre a função renal de cães submetidos à isquemia e reperfusão. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 30(2):108-114. Setor de Patologia Geral, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, GO 74605-050 Goiânia, Brazil. E-mail: lilianab3@netscape.net Renal ischemia may occur in different situations such as vascular or renal surgery and also in renal transplantation. This study evaluates renal function in dogs submitted to ischemia and reperfusion after chlorpromazine application. Twelve adult mongrel dogs were distributed into two groups with six animals each. Group A was composed of dogs submitted to renal ischemia and reperfusion without previous administration of chlorpromazine. Group B was composed of dogs with renal ischemia and reperfusion previously treated with chlorpromazine. In order to evaluate the possible ischemia/reperfusion late effects, blood and urine samples were sampled in four different times: Before ischemia, early stages of reperfusion, 120 minutes after reperfusion, and every week until 28th day postsurgery. Renal function was evaluated by clinical examination, serum urea and creatinine levels and urinary GGT activity. PU/CU and GGT urinary activity were more sensitive in detecting acute tubular injury than routine urine examination because these variables showed earlier changes. Based on urinalysis, urea and creatinine serum levels plus urinary excretion of GGT and PU/CU, no evidences of protective action of chlorpromazine were observed.

• Clorpromazina isquemia insuficiência renal

Abstract in Portuguese:

RESUMO.- Menezes L.B., Fioravanti M.C.S., Silva M.S.B., Franco L.G., Sales T.P., Andrascko M.M., Veado J.C.C & Araújo E.G. 2010. [Evaluation of chlorpromazine effect at renal function in dogs submitted to ischemia and reperfusion.] Avaliação do efeito da clorpromazina sobre a função renal de cães submetidos à isquemia e reperfusão. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 30(2):108-114. Setor de Patologia Geral, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, GO 74605-050 Goiânia, Brazil. E-mail: lilianab3@netscape.net A isquemia renal está presente em diferentes situações como em cirurgias renais, vasculares e no transplante renal. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a integridade e a função renal de cães submetidos à isquemia e reperfusão com ou sem aplicação de clorpromazina. Para tanto foram utilizados 12 cães distribuídos aleatoriamente em dois grupos de seis indivíduos: grupo A com isquemia e reperfusão sem tratamento por clorpromazina e o grupo B com isquemia e reperfusão tratados previamente com clorpromazina. De cada cão foi coletado sangue e urina antes da isquemia, no inicio da reperfusão, após 120 minutos de reperfusão e semanalmente até 28º dia pós-cirúrgico para verificar possíveis efeitos tardios da isquemia/reperfusão. Avaliações da integridade e função renal foram feitas por exame físico, concentração sérica de ureia e creatinina e determinação da GGT urinária. A avaliação da relação proteína urinária/creatinina urinária (PU/CU) e atividade da GGT urinária são exames mais sensíveis para detectar lesão tubular aguda que o exame de urina de rotina, uma vez que estas variáveis apresentaram alteração mais precocemente. Não houve ação protetora da clorpromazina conforme constatado por meio da urinálise, dosagens séricas de ureia e creatinina, excreção urinária de GGT e PU/CU.

Abstract in English:

RESUMO.- Rosa A.C., Moraes A.N., Beier S.L., Oleskovicz N., Regalin D., Carneiro R. & Nascimento C.A.F. 2009. [Evaluation of the cardiorrespiratory and hemogasometrics effects and cortisol plasmatic concentration in bovine submitted of electromagnetic immobilization.] Avaliação dos parâmetros cardiorrespiratórios, hemogasométricos e da concentração plasmática de cortisol em bovinos submetidos à imobilização eletromagnética. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(10):816-822. Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Lages, SC 88520-000, Brazil. E-mail: cassivetr@hotmail.com As formas de imobilização em bovinos mais utilizadas levam a uma manipulação excessiva e consequentemente estressante para o animal. A dor é uma experiência emocional de sensação desagradável que vem associada a um prejuízo tecidual. Surge no mercado um método de contenção física para bovinos que propõe a utilização de um aparelho que funciona com ondas eletromagnéticas de baixa intensidade promovendo imobilização sem estresse e ou estímulo doloroso para o animal. O objetivo deste projeto foi avaliar os parâmetros cardiorrespiratórios e hemogasométricos bem como os níveis de cortisol de bovinos submetidos à imobilização eletromagnética, a fim de observar se tal método é eficaz na diminuição do estresse e/ou estímulo doloroso. Foram utilizados 6 bovinos, mestiços, peso médio de 300,3 kg (±85,76). Os animais foram alocados aleatoriamente em dois grupos (controle dele mesmo): grupo controle (GC), introdução da sonda via retal (desligada); grupo Imobilizador (GI) introdução da sonda e permanência desta ligada por 5 minutos. Análise estatística utilizou o Teste T pareado entre os grupos (P<0,05) e a avaliação entre tempos dentro de cada grupo análise de variância de uma única via com repetições múltiplas (ANOVA - RM). Momentos avaliados M0: basal; M1: imediatamente após a retirada da sonda; M2 e M3 (30 e 60 minutos após M1 respectivamente). Houve um aumento significativo nas variáveis: frequências cardíaca e respiratória em (M1), na Pressão arterial média (M1, M2, M3) e níveis de cortisol nos momentos M1 e M2 no grupo imobilizador quando comparado ao grupo controle. Com relação à resposta ao estímulo, o GI teve resposta negativa no momento da estimulação, comparado ao GC (resposta máxima). De acordo com os resultados obtidos, podemos concluir que o imobilizador eletromagnético é um método, exclusivamente, de contenção física, não oferecendo nenhum suporte anestésico, para o conforto ou bem estar ao animal.

• Pain analgesia stress restraint

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Rosa A.C., Moraes A.N., Beier S.L., Oleskovicz N., Regalin D., Carneiro R. & Nascimento C.A.F. 2009. [Evaluation of the cardiorrespiratory and hemogasometrics effects and cortisol plasmatic concentration in bovine submitted of electromagnetic immobilization.] Avaliação dos parâmetros cardiorrespiratórios, hemogasométricos e da concentração plasmática de cortisol em bovinos submetidos à imobilização eletromagnética. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(10):816-822. Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Lages, SC 88520-000, Brazil. E-mail: cassivetr@hotmail.com The ways of immobilization generally used in cattle provide excessive manipulation and stress for the animal. The pain is an emotional experience and unpleasant sensation in combination with tissue damage. The new method of physical restraint for cattle uses low intensity electromagnetic waves, promising immobilization without stress or painful stimulation for the animals. The aim of this study is to evaluate of cardiorespiratory effects and plasmatic cortisol concentration of cattle submitted to electromagnetic immobilization. Six healthy cows with average weight of 300.3 ± 85.76 kg (mean ± SD) were assigned to two treatments in a randomized design with a 15-day interval between experiments GC (control group) and GI (immobilization group). Data are presented as mean + SD. The statistical analyses used the t-Test between groups, and ANOVA random block design between times into same group. All statistical analyses were performed using P<0.05 as a significant level. Evaluation moments: M1 (basal); M1: after withdrawal probe, M2 and M3 (30 and 60 minutes after M1 respectively). There was a significant increase of FC and f in M1, PAM in the moments (M1, M2, M3) and in the levels of plasmatic cortisol concentration in M1 e M2 in the immobilization group when to compared with the control group. It could be concluded that this electromagnetic immobilization is a method of physic restraint only, offers no anesthetic support and favors comfort and animal welfare.

Abstract in English:

RESUMO.- Fonseca F.A., Zambrano R.S., Dias G.M.B., Lima E.M.M., Alves G.E.S. & Godoy R.F. 2009. [Physical, biochemical and cytological characteristics of the equine temporomandibular joint synovial fluid.] Características fisicoquímicas e citológicas do líquido sinovial da articulação temporomandibular em eqüinos. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(10):829-833. Hospital Veterinário de Grandes Animais, Faculdade de Agronomia e Veterinária, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF 70636-200, Brazil. E-mail: robertagodoy@unb.br Foram estudadas as características fisicoquímicas e citológicas do líquido sinovial da articulação temporomandibular de dez eqüinos hígidos. Verificou-se que o líquido é viscoso, amarelo claro a citrino, límpido e livre de partículas à temperatura ambiente. Houve contaminação da amostra por sangue em três amostras que se apresentaram amarelo avermelhadas a vermelhas e de aspecto turvo. A taxa de glicose variou entre 100 e 250 e a concentração protéica não ultrapassou 3,8g/dL. O número médio de células nucleadas foi de 417 células/µL, com predominância de grandes células mononucleares e linfócitos. As mensurações das características pesquisadas no líquido sinovial da articulação temporomandibular de eqüinos são de execução simples e passíveis de implantação na rotina de atendimentos clínico-cirúrgicos.

• Equine synovial fluid temporomandibular joint

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Fonseca F.A., Zambrano R.S., Dias G.M.B., Lima E.M.M., Alves G.E.S. & Godoy R.F. 2009. [Physical, biochemical and cytological characteristics of the equine temporomandibular joint synovial fluid.] Características fisicoquímicas e citológicas do líquido sinovial da articulação temporomandibular em eqüinos. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(10):829-833. Hospital Veterinário de Grandes Animais, Faculdade de Agronomia e Veterinária, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF 70636-200, Brazil. E-mail: robertagodoy@unb.br Physical, biochemical and cytological characteristics of the temporomandibular joint synovial fluid were studied in ten clinically normal horses. It is a viscous, pale yellow, clear fluid and without flocculent material at room temperature. There was blood contamination in three samples, they presented red-yellow to red and cloudy. The range of glucose levels were 100 to 250 and its protein concentration was up to 3,8g/dL. Nucleated cells mean number was 417 cells/µL, with predominating large mononuclear cells and lymphocytes. Equine temporomandibular synovial fluids can be easily evaluated, being feasible in clinical and surgical routine, and the information may be useful to the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of animals with temporomandibular alterations.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Bezerra Jr P.S., Santos A.S., Bandarra P.M., Pedroso P.M.O., Pavarini, S.P., Spanamberg A., Ferreiro L. & Driemeier D. 2009. [Experimental poisoning by Aspergillus clavatus in sheep.] Intoxicação experimental por Aspergillus clavatus em ovinos. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(3):205-210. Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, Porto Alegre, RS 91540-000, Brazil. E-mail: davetpat@ufrgs.br This paper describes the experimental reproduction of a neurological condition in sheep by the administration of a beer by-product contaminated with Aspergillus clavatus. Samples of this by-product, in which pure cultures of A. clavatus grew, originated from two farms where outbreaks of A. clavatus poisoning in cattle had occurred. The onset of symptomatology was 2 to 6 days after dosage with the contaminated beer by-product or pure A. clavatus culture. The clinical course lasted from one and a half to 12 days. Clinical signs were predominantly of locomotor and respiratory nature and included muscle tremors, hyperesthesia, and progressive tachypnea, rigidity of the pelvic limbs, posterior weakness, and recumbency. One sheep also showed occasional knuckling of fetlocks of the hind limbs. Gait abnormalities and tremors were more pronounced after exercise. In 6 of 7 sheep, appetite and dypsia were maintained until close to death or euthanasia. The main histological findings consisted of chromatolytic neuronal degeneration and necrosis in selected nuclei of the brain stem, the ventral horn of the spinal cord and the spinal, trigeminal, stellate and celiac ganglions. Three sheep also presented slight degenerative and necrotic changes in muscles of the pelvic and thoracic limbs.

• Aspergillus clavatus sheep beer by-product poisoning neuronal chromatolysis

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Bezerra Jr P.S., Santos A.S., Bandarra P.M., Pedroso P.M.O., Pavarini, S.P., Spanamberg A., Ferreiro L. & Driemeier D. 2009. [Experimental poisoning by Aspergillus clavatus in sheep.] Intoxicação experimental por Aspergillus clavatus em ovinos. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(3):205-210. Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, Porto Alegre, RS 91540-000, Brazil. E-mail: davetpat@ufrgs.br This paper describes the experimental reproduction of a neurological condition in sheep by the administration of a beer by-product contaminated with Aspergillus clavatus. Samples of this by-product, in which pure cultures of A. clavatus grew, originated from two farms where outbreaks of A. clavatus poisoning in cattle had occurred. The onset of symptomatology was 2 to 6 days after dosage with the contaminated beer by-product or pure A. clavatus culture. The clinical course lasted from one and a half to 12 days. Clinical signs were predominantly of locomotor and respiratory nature and included muscle tremors, hyperesthesia, and progressive tachypnea, rigidity of the pelvic limbs, posterior weakness, and recumbency. One sheep also showed occasional knuckling of fetlocks of the hind limbs. Gait abnormalities and tremors were more pronounced after exercise. In 6 of 7 sheep, appetite and dypsia were maintained until close to death or euthanasia. The main histological findings consisted of chromatolytic neuronal degeneration and necrosis in selected nuclei of the brain stem, the ventral horn of the spinal cord and the spinal, trigeminal, stellate and celiac ganglions. Three sheep also presented slight degenerative and necrotic changes in muscles of the pelvic and thoracic limbs.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Bezerra Jr P.S., Raymundo D.L., Spanamberg A., Corrêa A.M.R., Bangel Jr J.J., Ferreiro L. & Driemeier D. 2009. [Neurotoxicosis in cattle associated with consumption of beer residues contaminated with Aspergillus clavatus.] Neurotoxicose em bovinos associada ao consumo de bagaço de malte contaminado por Aspergillus clavatus. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(3):220-228. Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, Porto Alegre, RS 91540-000, Brazil. E-mail: bezerraj@ufla.br Two outbreaks of a neurological disease affecting herds of dairy cattle that were fed moldy beer residues contaminated with Aspergillus clavatus in the county of Viamão, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, are described. The morbidity of both outbreaks was 30% and the lethality 50% and 100%. The clinical course varied from 5 to 64 days. Only one of the animals that recovered from the disease remained with slight locomotor sequels. Clinical signs were predominantly locomotor and included muscle tremors of varied intensity, hyperesthesia and progressive posterior ataxia, paresis and paralysis with knuckling of fetlocks of the hind limbs. Gait abnormalities were more pronounced after exercises which in general led to falling down. There was also reduced milk production, but appetite and water intake were maintained until close to death or euthanasia. From five cattle necropsied, two showed macroscopic lesions characterized by necrotic changes and mineralization in pelvic muscles and thoracic limbs. The main histological findings consisted of chromatolytic neuronal degeneration and necrosis in selected nuclei of the brain stem, the ventral horn of the spinal cord, and of the trigeminal, stellate celiac and spinal ganglions. In two cattle there was wallerian degeneration in dorsal funiculi of the spinal cord and ischiadic and fibular nerves. The diagnosis was based on epidemiological data, clinical signs, necropsy findings, histological lesions and mycological examination. Epidemiologic, clinical and pathologic aspects, pathogenetic mechanisms and differential diagnoses are discussed.

• Aspergillus clavatus cattle beer residues neurotoxicosis chromatolysis neuronal

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Bezerra Jr P.S., Raymundo D.L., Spanamberg A., Corrêa A.M.R., Bangel Jr J.J., Ferreiro L. & Driemeier D. 2009. [Neurotoxicosis in cattle associated with consumption of beer residues contaminated with Aspergillus clavatus.] Neurotoxicose em bovinos associada ao consumo de bagaço de malte contaminado por Aspergillus clavatus. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(3):220-228. Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, Porto Alegre, RS 91540-000, Brazil. E-mail: bezerraj@ufla.br Two outbreaks of a neurological disease affecting herds of dairy cattle that were fed moldy beer residues contaminated with Aspergillus clavatus in the county of Viamão, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, are described. The morbidity of both outbreaks was 30% and the lethality 50% and 100%. The clinical course varied from 5 to 64 days. Only one of the animals that recovered from the disease remained with slight locomotor sequels. Clinical signs were predominantly locomotor and included muscle tremors of varied intensity, hyperesthesia and progressive posterior ataxia, paresis and paralysis with knuckling of fetlocks of the hind limbs. Gait abnormalities were more pronounced after exercises which in general led to falling down. There was also reduced milk production, but appetite and water intake were maintained until close to death or euthanasia. From five cattle necropsied, two showed macroscopic lesions characterized by necrotic changes and mineralization in pelvic muscles and thoracic limbs. The main histological findings consisted of chromatolytic neuronal degeneration and necrosis in selected nuclei of the brain stem, the ventral horn of the spinal cord, and of the trigeminal, stellate celiac and spinal ganglions. In two cattle there was wallerian degeneration in dorsal funiculi of the spinal cord and ischiadic and fibular nerves. The diagnosis was based on epidemiological data, clinical signs, necropsy findings, histological lesions and mycological examination. Epidemiologic, clinical and pathologic aspects, pathogenetic mechanisms and differential diagnoses are discussed.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Milani J.F., Barros P.S.M., Guerra J.L. & Brooks D.E. 2008. Effects of topical 0.2% Cyclosporine A on corneal neovascularization induced by xenologous amniotic membrane implantation into a corneal stroma micropocket of rats. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 28(8):379-386. Laboratório de Investigação em Oftalmologia Comparada, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, São Paulo, SP 05508-900, Brazil. E-mail: pauloeye@usp.br The objective of the study was to evaluate the topical effects of 0.2% Cyclosporine A (CsA) on corneal neovascularization of rats following surgical implantation of equine amniotic membrane into a corneal stroma micropocket. The implantation of xenologous amniotic membrane was performed bilaterally in 90 rats. In the same day of the surgery each right eye started receiving topical CsA twice a day. The left eye received no medication and served as a control. The evaluation of corneal neovascularization was performed by computerized image analysis and histopathological evaluation at 1, 3, 7, 15, 30 and 60 days postoperatively. For the image analysis 10 animals were used per time period, and for the histopathological examination, five animals were used per time period. Image analysis found that corneal neovascularization began on the 3rd postoperative day, reached its peak on the 7th day, and then progressively and rapidly decreased. Statistic analysis indicated that neovascularization of the CsA treated eye on the 7th day was significantly higher than that observed in untreated eyes. On the 30th day, however, this pattern was reversed with the neovascularization observed in the CsA treated eyes declining to the low levels observed on the 3rd day. The degree of neovascularization in the untreated eyes on the 30th day declined to the baseline levels found on day 3 at the 60th day. Histopathological analysis indicated that deposition of collagen in the implanted tissue was completed by the 15th day. Therefore, we concluded that (1) equine amniotic membrane in rat corneal stroma produced an intense neovascularization until the 15th day postoperatively and then regressed, (2) deposition of collagen of the implanted tissue was completed on the 15th day postoperatively, and (3) use of CsA was associated with increase in the corneal neovascularization initially, followed by a quick and intense regression.

• Amniotic membrane cyclosporine cornea veterinary ophthalmology

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Milani J.F., Barros P.S.M., Guerra J.L. & Brooks D.E. 2008. Effects of topical 0.2% Cyclosporine A on corneal neovascularization induced by xenologous amniotic membrane implantation into a corneal stroma micropocket of rats. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 28(8):379-386. Laboratório de Investigação em Oftalmologia Comparada, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, São Paulo, SP 05508-900, Brazil. E-mail: pauloeye@usp.br The objective of the study was to evaluate the topical effects of 0.2% Cyclosporine A (CsA) on corneal neovascularization of rats following surgical implantation of equine amniotic membrane into a corneal stroma micropocket. The implantation of xenologous amniotic membrane was performed bilaterally in 90 rats. In the same day of the surgery each right eye started receiving topical CsA twice a day. The left eye received no medication and served as a control. The evaluation of corneal neovascularization was performed by computerized image analysis and histopathological evaluation at 1, 3, 7, 15, 30 and 60 days postoperatively. For the image analysis 10 animals were used per time period, and for the histopathological examination, five animals were used per time period. Image analysis found that corneal neovascularization began on the 3rd postoperative day, reached its peak on the 7th day, and then progressively and rapidly decreased. Statistic analysis indicated that neovascularization of the CsA treated eye on the 7th day was significantly higher than that observed in untreated eyes. On the 30th day, however, this pattern was reversed with the neovascularization observed in the CsA treated eyes declining to the low levels observed on the 3rd day. The degree of neovascularization in the untreated eyes on the 30th day declined to the baseline levels found on day 3 at the 60th day. Histopathological analysis indicated that deposition of collagen in the implanted tissue was completed by the 15th day. Therefore, we concluded that (1) equine amniotic membrane in rat corneal stroma produced an intense neovascularization until the 15th day postoperatively and then regressed, (2) deposition of collagen of the implanted tissue was completed on the 15th day postoperatively, and (3) use of CsA was associated with increase in the corneal neovascularization initially, followed by a quick and intense regression.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Romano L., Ferrígno C.R.A., Ferraz,V.C.M. Della Nina M., Ito K.C. 2008. [Evaluation of the use of interlocking nail and transcortical blockade for the repair of diaphyseal fractures of the femur in cats.] Avaliação do uso de haste bloqueada e bloqueio transcortical no reparo de fraturas diafisárias de fêmur em felinos. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 28(4):201-206. Departamento de Cirurgia do Hospital Veterinário, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, São Paulo, SP 05508-270, Brazil. E-mail: lromano@usp.br Interlocking nails allow rigid fracture stabilization and present biomechanical advantages when compared to other immobilization techniques. It acts along the central mechanical axis of the bone and preserves biological concept standards for osteosynthesis. The use of interlocking nail in cats is limited because the intramedullary space is relatively small for the available nail sizes. We reported 10 cases of cats that had simple or multiple closed fractures of the femoral diaphysis. The animals weighed 3.5 to 5 kg , which allowed using nails of 4.0mm and 4.7mm in diameter. For the nail insertion, retrograde and normograde routs were used, and four 2mm titanium screws were used to lock all the perforations. No trans-surgical complication occurred, however, due to a new trauma, one of the animals suffered femoral neck fracture and transversal distal fracture to the nail, three days after surgery. Radiographies were made up to four months after surgery, and in most cases secondary bone formation was seen, showing bone consolidation in 61-89 days, excluding the animal who suffered new trauma, who presented bone healing in 150 days. Clinically, occasional lameness occurred; however, except for the animal that had new trauma, all animals initiated adequate limb support in 3 to 8 days after surgery. In conclusion, the use of 4.0mm and 4.7mm interlocking nails in felines was adequate, with bone healing in all cases, and also return of good limb function after surgery.

• Fractures interlocking nail surgery cats

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Romano L., Ferrígno C.R.A., Ferraz,V.C.M. Della Nina M., Ito K.C. 2008. [Evaluation of the use of interlocking nail and transcortical blockade for the repair of diaphyseal fractures of the femur in cats.] Avaliação do uso de haste bloqueada e bloqueio transcortical no reparo de fraturas diafisárias de fêmur em felinos. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 28(4):201-206. Departamento de Cirurgia do Hospital Veterinário, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, São Paulo, SP 05508-270, Brazil. E-mail: lromano@usp.br Interlocking nails allow rigid fracture stabilization and present biomechanical advantages when compared to other immobilization techniques. It acts along the central mechanical axis of the bone and preserves biological concept standards for osteosynthesis. The use of interlocking nail in cats is limited because the intramedullary space is relatively small for the available nail sizes. We reported 10 cases of cats that had simple or multiple closed fractures of the femoral diaphysis. The animals weighed 3.5 to 5 kg , which allowed using nails of 4.0mm and 4.7mm in diameter. For the nail insertion, retrograde and normograde routs were used, and four 2mm titanium screws were used to lock all the perforations. No trans-surgical complication occurred, however, due to a new trauma, one of the animals suffered femoral neck fracture and transversal distal fracture to the nail, three days after surgery. Radiographies were made up to four months after surgery, and in most cases secondary bone formation was seen, showing bone consolidation in 61-89 days, excluding the animal who suffered new trauma, who presented bone healing in 150 days. Clinically, occasional lameness occurred; however, except for the animal that had new trauma, all animals initiated adequate limb support in 3 to 8 days after surgery. In conclusion, the use of 4.0mm and 4.7mm interlocking nails in felines was adequate, with bone healing in all cases, and also return of good limb function after surgery.