PESQUISA VETERINÁRIA BRASILEIRA

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Carvalho M.A.M., Azevedo L.M., Menezes D.J.A., Oliveira M.F., Assis Neto A.C., Cardoso F.T.S. & Teixeira M.C.O. 2008. [Anatomical-surgical arterial segments of the kidney in agouti (Dasyprocta prymnolopha).] Segmentos anátomo-cirúrgicos arteriais do rim de cutia (Dasyprocta prymnolopha). Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 28(5):249-252. Departamento de Morfofisiologia Veterinária, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Teresina, PI 64049-550, Brazil. E-mail: carvalhomam@uol.com.br Twenty pairs of agouti (Dasyprocta prymnolopha Wagler, 1831) kidneys were studied to describe the arterial anatomical-surgical segments. The renal arteries were injected with stained acetate vinyl, followed by procedures of acid corrosion in order to obtain vascular casts. It was found that the renal artery is always single and bifurcated into ventral and dorsal sectorial arteries. The sectorial arteries reached the kidneys (100% of the cases) through the hilus. These vessels gave origin to segmental branches responsible for kidney irrigation. At the right kidney, the ventral sectorial arteries gave origin to 3 (60% of the cases), 4 (35%) and 5 (5%) segmental branches; the dorsal sectorial arteries gave origin to 3 (30%), 4 (45%), 5 (20%) and 6 (5%) segmental arteries separated by a vascular sector. At the left kidney, the ventral sectorial arteries originated 2 (10%), 3 (55%) or 4 (35%) segmental branches; the dorsal sectorial arteries gave origin to 3 (25%), 4 (50%) and 5 (25%) segmental branches. Based on the arterial distribution of agouti kidneys, independent sections and arterial segments were found, so that it is possible to accomplish partial kidney resection surgery.

• Dasyprocta prymnolopha agouti kidney vascularization arteries

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Carvalho M.A.M., Azevedo L.M., Menezes D.J.A., Oliveira M.F., Assis Neto A.C., Cardoso F.T.S. & Teixeira M.C.O. 2008. [Anatomical-surgical arterial segments of the kidney in agouti (Dasyprocta prymnolopha).] Segmentos anátomo-cirúrgicos arteriais do rim de cutia (Dasyprocta prymnolopha). Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 28(5):249-252. Departamento de Morfofisiologia Veterinária, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Teresina, PI 64049-550, Brazil. E-mail: carvalhomam@uol.com.br Twenty pairs of agouti (Dasyprocta prymnolopha Wagler, 1831) kidneys were studied to describe the arterial anatomical-surgical segments. The renal arteries were injected with stained acetate vinyl, followed by procedures of acid corrosion in order to obtain vascular casts. It was found that the renal artery is always single and bifurcated into ventral and dorsal sectorial arteries. The sectorial arteries reached the kidneys (100% of the cases) through the hilus. These vessels gave origin to segmental branches responsible for kidney irrigation. At the right kidney, the ventral sectorial arteries gave origin to 3 (60% of the cases), 4 (35%) and 5 (5%) segmental branches; the dorsal sectorial arteries gave origin to 3 (30%), 4 (45%), 5 (20%) and 6 (5%) segmental arteries separated by a vascular sector. At the left kidney, the ventral sectorial arteries originated 2 (10%), 3 (55%) or 4 (35%) segmental branches; the dorsal sectorial arteries gave origin to 3 (25%), 4 (50%) and 5 (25%) segmental branches. Based on the arterial distribution of agouti kidneys, independent sections and arterial segments were found, so that it is possible to accomplish partial kidney resection surgery.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Conceição R.A., Ambrósio C.E., Martins D.S., Carvalho A.F., Franciolli A.L.R., Machado M.R.F., Oliveira M.F. & Miglino M.A. 2008. [Morphological aspects of yolk sac from rodents of Hystricomorpha subordem: paca (Agouti paca) and agouti (Dasyprocta aguti).] Aspectos morfológicos do saco vitelino em dois roedores da subordem Hystricomorpha: paca (Agouti paca) e cutia (Dasyprocta aguti). Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 28(5):253-259. Setor de Anatomia dos Animais Domésticos e Silvestres, Departamento de Cirurgia, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia. Universidade de São Paulo, Cidade Universitária, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, São Paulo, SP 05508-900, Brazil. E-mail: ceambrosio@usp.br The study aimed to characterize gross and microscopic features of the yolk sac in paca (Agouti paca) and agouti (Dasyprocta aguti) in early gestation. Fragments of the yolk sac of 3 paca and 3 agouti fetuses at early gestation were taken and processed for histological and ultrastructural analyses. Gross features of the vitelline placenta in both species showed its insertion over the main placenta surface and projections to the embryos/fetuses. Microscopically, the vitelline placenta was constituted by endoderm epithelium and mesenchyme, in which vitelline vessels are abundant. The ultrastructure of the samples showed that the visceral yolk sac of the paca was formed by endodermic cells with nuclei in the median region, and that the visceral yolk sac of the agouti was formed by nuclei arranged apically; other characteristic was the large number of mitochondrias, eletrodense vesicles with microvilosities We conclude that (1) the vitelline placenta of the two species presents insertion in the surface of the main placenta; (2) the vitelline placenta of paca rests on the Reichert’s membrane, whereas the agouti vitelline placenta does not have this membrane; (3) the chorion and allantoic are fusioned; and (4) the chorioallantoic placenta and the yolk sac in both species are reversed and vascularized.

• Hystricomorpha Agouti paca Dasyprota aguti yolk sac

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Conceição R.A., Ambrósio C.E., Martins D.S., Carvalho A.F., Franciolli A.L.R., Machado M.R.F., Oliveira M.F. & Miglino M.A. 2008. [Morphological aspects of yolk sac from rodents of Hystricomorpha subordem: paca (Agouti paca) and agouti (Dasyprocta aguti).] Aspectos morfológicos do saco vitelino em dois roedores da subordem Hystricomorpha: paca (Agouti paca) e cutia (Dasyprocta aguti). Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 28(5):253-259. Setor de Anatomia dos Animais Domésticos e Silvestres, Departamento de Cirurgia, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia. Universidade de São Paulo, Cidade Universitária, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, São Paulo, SP 05508-900, Brazil. E-mail: ceambrosio@usp.br The study aimed to characterize gross and microscopic features of the yolk sac in paca (Agouti paca) and agouti (Dasyprocta aguti) in early gestation. Fragments of the yolk sac of 3 paca and 3 agouti fetuses at early gestation were taken and processed for histological and ultrastructural analyses. Gross features of the vitelline placenta in both species showed its insertion over the main placenta surface and projections to the embryos/fetuses. Microscopically, the vitelline placenta was constituted by endoderm epithelium and mesenchyme, in which vitelline vessels are abundant. The ultrastructure of the samples showed that the visceral yolk sac of the paca was formed by endodermic cells with nuclei in the median region, and that the visceral yolk sac of the agouti was formed by nuclei arranged apically; other characteristic was the large number of mitochondrias, eletrodense vesicles with microvilosities We conclude that (1) the vitelline placenta of the two species presents insertion in the surface of the main placenta; (2) the vitelline placenta of paca rests on the Reichert’s membrane, whereas the agouti vitelline placenta does not have this membrane; (3) the chorion and allantoic are fusioned; and (4) the chorioallantoic placenta and the yolk sac in both species are reversed and vascularized.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Intelisano T.R., Kitahara F.R., Otsuki D.A., Fantoni D.T., Auler Jr J.O.C. & Cortopassi S.R.G. 2008. Total intravenous anaesthesia with propofol-racemic ketamine and propofol-S-ketamine: A comparative study and haemodynamic evaluation in dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 28(4):216-222. Departamento de Cirurgia, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques Paiva 87, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP 05508 000, Brazil. E-mail: intelizano@yahoo.com.br Total intravenous anaesthesia (TIVA) with propofol and ketamine proved to be very satisfactory from a clinical point of view. This blind randomised controlled trial was designed to compare induction and maintenance of anaesthesia under continuous infusion of propofol-racemic ketamine (PRK) with that of propofol-S-ketamine (PSK) and evaluate their haemodynamic, metabolic and ventilatory effects. Seven female dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy were involved in each group. Anaesthesia was induced: in Group PRK, with propofol (4.0mg kg-1) and racemic ketamine (2.0mg kg-1) intravenous (i.v.), followed by i.v. infusion of propofol (initial dose of 0.5mg kg-1 min-1) and racemic ketamine (0.2mg kg-1 min-1); in Group PSK, with propofol (4.0mg kg-1) and S-ketamine (1.0 mg kg1) i.v., followed by i.v. infusion of propofol (initial dose of 0.5mg kg-1 min-1) and S-ketamine (0.1mg kg-1 min-1). Parameters were assessed before anaesthesia and in 6 time points after induction. In both groups, heart rate increased significantly at all time points. There was a slight decrease in systemic blood pressure, cardiac output and cardiac index in both groups. The systolic index decrease significantly and intense respiratory depression was observed in all groups, making assisted ventilation necessary.

• Anaesthesia haemodynamic propofol ketamine dog

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Intelisano T.R., Kitahara F.R., Otsuki D.A., Fantoni D.T., Auler Jr J.O.C. & Cortopassi S.R.G. 2008. Total intravenous anaesthesia with propofol-racemic ketamine and propofol-S-ketamine: A comparative study and haemodynamic evaluation in dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 28(4):216-222. Departamento de Cirurgia, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques Paiva 87, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP 05508 000, Brazil. E-mail: intelizano@yahoo.com.br Total intravenous anaesthesia (TIVA) with propofol and ketamine proved to be very satisfactory from a clinical point of view. This blind randomised controlled trial was designed to compare induction and maintenance of anaesthesia under continuous infusion of propofol-racemic ketamine (PRK) with that of propofol-S-ketamine (PSK) and evaluate their haemodynamic, metabolic and ventilatory effects. Seven female dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy were involved in each group. Anaesthesia was induced: in Group PRK, with propofol (4.0mg kg-1) and racemic ketamine (2.0mg kg-1) intravenous (i.v.), followed by i.v. infusion of propofol (initial dose of 0.5mg kg-1 min-1) and racemic ketamine (0.2mg kg-1 min-1); in Group PSK, with propofol (4.0mg kg-1) and S-ketamine (1.0 mg kg1) i.v., followed by i.v. infusion of propofol (initial dose of 0.5mg kg-1 min-1) and S-ketamine (0.1mg kg-1 min-1). Parameters were assessed before anaesthesia and in 6 time points after induction. In both groups, heart rate increased significantly at all time points. There was a slight decrease in systemic blood pressure, cardiac output and cardiac index in both groups. The systolic index decrease significantly and intense respiratory depression was observed in all groups, making assisted ventilation necessary.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Iamaguti L.S., Brandão C.V.S., Pellizzon C.H., Ranzani J.J.T. & Minto B.W. 2008. [Histological and morphometric analysis for the use of a biosynthetic cellulose membrane in experimental trochleopasty.] Análises histológica e morfométrica do uso de membrana biossintética de celulose em trocleoplastia experimental de cães. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 28(4):195-200. Departamento de Cirurgia e Anestesiologia, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Campus de Botucatu, Distrito de Rubião Jr s/n, Botucatu, SP 18.618-000, Brazil. E-mail: iamaguti_lu@hotmail.com The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of a locally made biosynthetic cellulose membrane after experimental trochleoplasty, in order to verify whether its use could support migration of chondrogenic cells. Twelve male and female adult healthy dogs and without claudication were used. All dogs were submitted to trochleoplasty in both pelvic limbs after sedation and epidural anesthesia. In the left hind limb, the biosynthetic cellulose membrane was fixed with simple suture using Polyglactin 910 6-0 after performing trochleoplasty (treated group); whereas in the right limb (control group) only trochleoplasty was performed. The dogs were subdivided into 4 subgroups for postoperative evaluation at 15, 30, 60 and 90 days post-surgery. Biopsy was performed after exploratory arthrotomy for histopathologic and morfometric evaluation. At 30 and 60 days post-surgery, more condrocyte-like cells of immature aspect were observed in lesions treated with the cellulose membrane. At 90 days post-surgery the reparative tissue was characterized as mature fibrocartilage-like tissue without difference between the groups. In the control group there was a progressive increase of the number of cells until the end of the evaluation period. Otherwise, when compared to the initial period (15 days), there was an increase in the number of cells until 60 days, followed by a return the initial values at 90 days in the treated group. In comparison to controls, the number of cells was greater in the treated group from 15 to 60 days. Initially, the neoformed repair tissue was thicker in the treated group. From the results of this study, it was concluded that the cellulose membrane shortened the initial tissue repair process in the trochleoplasty area, showing good integration of the neoformed tissue with the adjacent cartilage.

• Sulcoplasty physical barrier guided tissue regeneration dog

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Iamaguti L.S., Brandão C.V.S., Pellizzon C.H., Ranzani J.J.T. & Minto B.W. 2008. [Histological and morphometric analysis for the use of a biosynthetic cellulose membrane in experimental trochleopasty.] Análises histológica e morfométrica do uso de membrana biossintética de celulose em trocleoplastia experimental de cães. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 28(4):195-200. Departamento de Cirurgia e Anestesiologia, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Campus de Botucatu, Distrito de Rubião Jr s/n, Botucatu, SP 18.618-000, Brazil. E-mail: iamaguti_lu@hotmail.com The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of a locally made biosynthetic cellulose membrane after experimental trochleoplasty, in order to verify whether its use could support migration of chondrogenic cells. Twelve male and female adult healthy dogs and without claudication were used. All dogs were submitted to trochleoplasty in both pelvic limbs after sedation and epidural anesthesia. In the left hind limb, the biosynthetic cellulose membrane was fixed with simple suture using Polyglactin 910 6-0 after performing trochleoplasty (treated group); whereas in the right limb (control group) only trochleoplasty was performed. The dogs were subdivided into 4 subgroups for postoperative evaluation at 15, 30, 60 and 90 days post-surgery. Biopsy was performed after exploratory arthrotomy for histopathologic and morfometric evaluation. At 30 and 60 days post-surgery, more condrocyte-like cells of immature aspect were observed in lesions treated with the cellulose membrane. At 90 days post-surgery the reparative tissue was characterized as mature fibrocartilage-like tissue without difference between the groups. In the control group there was a progressive increase of the number of cells until the end of the evaluation period. Otherwise, when compared to the initial period (15 days), there was an increase in the number of cells until 60 days, followed by a return the initial values at 90 days in the treated group. In comparison to controls, the number of cells was greater in the treated group from 15 to 60 days. Initially, the neoformed repair tissue was thicker in the treated group. From the results of this study, it was concluded that the cellulose membrane shortened the initial tissue repair process in the trochleoplasty area, showing good integration of the neoformed tissue with the adjacent cartilage.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Romano L., Ferrígno C.R.A., Ferraz,V.C.M. Della Nina M., Ito K.C. 2008. [Evaluation of the use of interlocking nail and transcortical blockade for the repair of diaphyseal fractures of the femur in cats.] Avaliação do uso de haste bloqueada e bloqueio transcortical no reparo de fraturas diafisárias de fêmur em felinos. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 28(4):201-206. Departamento de Cirurgia do Hospital Veterinário, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, São Paulo, SP 05508-270, Brazil. E-mail: lromano@usp.br Interlocking nails allow rigid fracture stabilization and present biomechanical advantages when compared to other immobilization techniques. It acts along the central mechanical axis of the bone and preserves biological concept standards for osteosynthesis. The use of interlocking nail in cats is limited because the intramedullary space is relatively small for the available nail sizes. We reported 10 cases of cats that had simple or multiple closed fractures of the femoral diaphysis. The animals weighed 3.5 to 5 kg , which allowed using nails of 4.0mm and 4.7mm in diameter. For the nail insertion, retrograde and normograde routs were used, and four 2mm titanium screws were used to lock all the perforations. No trans-surgical complication occurred, however, due to a new trauma, one of the animals suffered femoral neck fracture and transversal distal fracture to the nail, three days after surgery. Radiographies were made up to four months after surgery, and in most cases secondary bone formation was seen, showing bone consolidation in 61-89 days, excluding the animal who suffered new trauma, who presented bone healing in 150 days. Clinically, occasional lameness occurred; however, except for the animal that had new trauma, all animals initiated adequate limb support in 3 to 8 days after surgery. In conclusion, the use of 4.0mm and 4.7mm interlocking nails in felines was adequate, with bone healing in all cases, and also return of good limb function after surgery.

• Fractures interlocking nail surgery cats

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Romano L., Ferrígno C.R.A., Ferraz,V.C.M. Della Nina M., Ito K.C. 2008. [Evaluation of the use of interlocking nail and transcortical blockade for the repair of diaphyseal fractures of the femur in cats.] Avaliação do uso de haste bloqueada e bloqueio transcortical no reparo de fraturas diafisárias de fêmur em felinos. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 28(4):201-206. Departamento de Cirurgia do Hospital Veterinário, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, São Paulo, SP 05508-270, Brazil. E-mail: lromano@usp.br Interlocking nails allow rigid fracture stabilization and present biomechanical advantages when compared to other immobilization techniques. It acts along the central mechanical axis of the bone and preserves biological concept standards for osteosynthesis. The use of interlocking nail in cats is limited because the intramedullary space is relatively small for the available nail sizes. We reported 10 cases of cats that had simple or multiple closed fractures of the femoral diaphysis. The animals weighed 3.5 to 5 kg , which allowed using nails of 4.0mm and 4.7mm in diameter. For the nail insertion, retrograde and normograde routs were used, and four 2mm titanium screws were used to lock all the perforations. No trans-surgical complication occurred, however, due to a new trauma, one of the animals suffered femoral neck fracture and transversal distal fracture to the nail, three days after surgery. Radiographies were made up to four months after surgery, and in most cases secondary bone formation was seen, showing bone consolidation in 61-89 days, excluding the animal who suffered new trauma, who presented bone healing in 150 days. Clinically, occasional lameness occurred; however, except for the animal that had new trauma, all animals initiated adequate limb support in 3 to 8 days after surgery. In conclusion, the use of 4.0mm and 4.7mm interlocking nails in felines was adequate, with bone healing in all cases, and also return of good limb function after surgery.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Zuccari D.A.P.C., Pavam M.V., Terzian A.C.B., Pereira R.S., Ruiz C.M. & Andrade J.C.† 2008. Immunohistochemical evaluation of Ki-67 and PCNA in canine mammary neoplasias: Correlation with prognostic factors and clinical outcome. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 28(4):207-215. Centro Regional de Bioterismo, FAMERP, Av. Brigadeiro Faria Lima 5416, São José do Rio Preto, SP 15090-000, Brazil. E-mail: debora.zuccari@famerp.br E-cadherin is a cell-cell adhesion molecule and low e-cadherin expression is related to invasiveness and may indicate a bad prognosis in mammary neoplasms. The expression of cell proliferation markers PCNA and especially Ki-67, has also proved to have a strong prognostic value in this tumor class. The expression of these markers was related to the clinical-pathological characteristics of 73 surgically removed mammary tumors in female dogs by immunohistochemistry. There was no statistical correlation between these markers and death by neoplasm, survival time and disease-free interval. However, the loss of e-cadherin expression and marked Ki-67 expression (p=0.016) were considered statistically significant for the diagnosis (p=0.032). When evaluated as independent factors, there was evidence of the relationship between the loss of e-cadherin expression and high PCNA expression with changes in the body status (divided into obese, normal and cachectic) of female dogs (p=0.030); there was also evidence of the relationship between pseudopregnancy and e-cadherin alone (p=0.021) and for ulceration and PCNA alone (p=0.035). The significant correlation between the markers expression and these well known prognostic factors used individually or in combination suggests their prognostic value in canine mammary tumors.

• Canine cell proliferation marker e-cadherin immunohistochemistry mammary neoplasm

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Zuccari D.A.P.C., Pavam M.V., Terzian A.C.B., Pereira R.S., Ruiz C.M. & Andrade J.C.† 2008. Immunohistochemical evaluation of Ki-67 and PCNA in canine mammary neoplasias: Correlation with prognostic factors and clinical outcome. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 28(4):207-215. Centro Regional de Bioterismo, FAMERP, Av. Brigadeiro Faria Lima 5416, São José do Rio Preto, SP 15090-000, Brazil. E-mail: debora.zuccari@famerp.br E-cadherin is a cell-cell adhesion molecule and low e-cadherin expression is related to invasiveness and may indicate a bad prognosis in mammary neoplasms. The expression of cell proliferation markers PCNA and especially Ki-67, has also proved to have a strong prognostic value in this tumor class. The expression of these markers was related to the clinical-pathological characteristics of 73 surgically removed mammary tumors in female dogs by immunohistochemistry. There was no statistical correlation between these markers and death by neoplasm, survival time and disease-free interval. However, the loss of e-cadherin expression and marked Ki-67 expression (p=0.016) were considered statistically significant for the diagnosis (p=0.032). When evaluated as independent factors, there was evidence of the relationship between the loss of e-cadherin expression and high PCNA expression with changes in the body status (divided into obese, normal and cachectic) of female dogs (p=0.030); there was also evidence of the relationship between pseudopregnancy and e-cadherin alone (p=0.021) and for ulceration and PCNA alone (p=0.035). The significant correlation between the markers expression and these well known prognostic factors used individually or in combination suggests their prognostic value in canine mammary tumors.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Fighera R.A., Souza T.M., Silva M.C., Brum J.S., Graça D.L., Kommers G.D., Irigoyen L.F. & Barros C.S.L. 2008. [Causes of death and reasons for euthanasia in dogs from the midland region of the Midwest of Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil (1965-2004).] Causas de morte e razões para eutanásia de cães da Mesorregião do Centro Ocidental Rio-Grandense (1965-2004). Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 28(4):223-230. Departamento de Patologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil. E-mail: anemiaveterinaria@yahoo.com.br The main objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of diseases culminating with death or motivating euthanasia of dogs from the midland region of the Midwest of Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. The necropsy files of the Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária (LPV) of the Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM) were accessed and necropsy protocols of dogs necropsied between January 1965 and December 2004 were reviewed. During this period 4,844 reports of canine necropsies were filed at the LPV-UFSM. The case distribution in relation to the disease categories diagnosed was as follows: infectious and parasitic diseases (1,693 [35.0%]); neoplasms (378 [7.8%]); disorders caused by physical agents (369 [7.6%]); degenerative diseases (342 [7.1%]); poisonings and toxinfections (112 [2.3%]); euthanasia due to convenience (101 [2.1%]); metabolic and endocrinological diseases (97 [2.0%]); iatrogenic disorders (83 [1.7%]); developmental disorders (25 [0.5%]); immune mediate diseases (10 [0.2%]); and nutritional disorders (6 [0.1%]). Other disorders, including multifactorial or idiopathic diseases contributed 80 (1.6%) cases. In 1,548 (32.0%) out of the 4,844 cases it was not possible to establish either cause of death or reason for euthanasia. Infectious and parasitic diseases (mainly canine distemper, parvoviral enteritis and intestinal parasitism), neoplasia (mainly mammary neoplasms and lymphoma), disorders caused by physical agents (mainly accidents caused by automotive vehicles) and degenerative diseases (mainly chronic renal failure, cirrhosis, and congestive heart failure) were the main disease categories causing death or motivating euthanasia in dogs of this midland region. However, when cases were evaluated in relation with the age of the dog, the disease prevalence differed. The main causes of death in puppies were infectious and parasitic disease (mainly parvoviral enteritis, canine distemper, and intestinal parasitism). In adult dogs the most important causes of death were canine distemper, neoplasia and trauma. In age dogs, approximately half of the deaths could be attributed to neoplasia and degenerative disease.

• Diseases of dogs causes of death reasons for euthanasia

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Fighera R.A., Souza T.M., Silva M.C., Brum J.S., Graça D.L., Kommers G.D., Irigoyen L.F. & Barros C.S.L. 2008. [Causes of death and reasons for euthanasia in dogs from the midland region of the Midwest of Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil (1965-2004).] Causas de morte e razões para eutanásia de cães da Mesorregião do Centro Ocidental Rio-Grandense (1965-2004). Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 28(4):223-230. Departamento de Patologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil. E-mail: anemiaveterinaria@yahoo.com.br The main objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of diseases culminating with death or motivating euthanasia of dogs from the midland region of the Midwest of Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. The necropsy files of the Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária (LPV) of the Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM) were accessed and necropsy protocols of dogs necropsied between January 1965 and December 2004 were reviewed. During this period 4,844 reports of canine necropsies were filed at the LPV-UFSM. The case distribution in relation to the disease categories diagnosed was as follows: infectious and parasitic diseases (1,693 [35.0%]); neoplasms (378 [7.8%]); disorders caused by physical agents (369 [7.6%]); degenerative diseases (342 [7.1%]); poisonings and toxinfections (112 [2.3%]); euthanasia due to convenience (101 [2.1%]); metabolic and endocrinological diseases (97 [2.0%]); iatrogenic disorders (83 [1.7%]); developmental disorders (25 [0.5%]); immune mediate diseases (10 [0.2%]); and nutritional disorders (6 [0.1%]). Other disorders, including multifactorial or idiopathic diseases contributed 80 (1.6%) cases. In 1,548 (32.0%) out of the 4,844 cases it was not possible to establish either cause of death or reason for euthanasia. Infectious and parasitic diseases (mainly canine distemper, parvoviral enteritis and intestinal parasitism), neoplasia (mainly mammary neoplasms and lymphoma), disorders caused by physical agents (mainly accidents caused by automotive vehicles) and degenerative diseases (mainly chronic renal failure, cirrhosis, and congestive heart failure) were the main disease categories causing death or motivating euthanasia in dogs of this midland region. However, when cases were evaluated in relation with the age of the dog, the disease prevalence differed. The main causes of death in puppies were infectious and parasitic disease (mainly parvoviral enteritis, canine distemper, and intestinal parasitism). In adult dogs the most important causes of death were canine distemper, neoplasia and trauma. In age dogs, approximately half of the deaths could be attributed to neoplasia and degenerative disease.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Pavarini S.P., Sonne L., Antoniassi N.A.B., Santos A.S., Pescador C.A., Corbellini L.G. & Driemeier D. 2008. [Congenital anomalies in aborted bovine fetuses in Southern Brazil.] Anomalias congênitas em fetos bovinos abortados no Sul do Brasil. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 28(3):149-154. Departamento de Patologia Clínica Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, Porto Alegre, RS 91540-000, Brazil. E-mail: davetpat@ufrgs.br Abortion, stillbirth and neonatal death are important causes of production losses to the livestock industry. Abortions caused by congenital anomalies may occur sporadically, or appear in epidemics. This retrospective study was conducted at Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology of Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, and included 307 cases of bovine abortion submitted for diagnosis from September 2001 to March 2007. Most of them were from southern Brazil. Ten cases (3.25%) of congenital anomalies were seen. The most frequent congenital anomalies were artrogryposis, Amorphous globosus, and cleft palate (palatoschisis). Infectious causes were investigated, but only BVDV infection was detected by immunohistochemistry in one case, which was affected with porencephalia.

• Abortion bovine congenital anomalies

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Pavarini S.P., Sonne L., Antoniassi N.A.B., Santos A.S., Pescador C.A., Corbellini L.G. & Driemeier D. 2008. [Congenital anomalies in aborted bovine fetuses in Southern Brazil.] Anomalias congênitas em fetos bovinos abortados no Sul do Brasil. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 28(3):149-154. Departamento de Patologia Clínica Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, Porto Alegre, RS 91540-000, Brazil. E-mail: davetpat@ufrgs.br Abortion, stillbirth and neonatal death are important causes of production losses to the livestock industry. Abortions caused by congenital anomalies may occur sporadically, or appear in epidemics. This retrospective study was conducted at Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology of Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, and included 307 cases of bovine abortion submitted for diagnosis from September 2001 to March 2007. Most of them were from southern Brazil. Ten cases (3.25%) of congenital anomalies were seen. The most frequent congenital anomalies were artrogryposis, Amorphous globosus, and cleft palate (palatoschisis). Infectious causes were investigated, but only BVDV infection was detected by immunohistochemistry in one case, which was affected with porencephalia.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Dias J.A., Alfieri, A.A., Medici, K.C., Freitas, J.C., Ferreira-Neto J.S. & Müller E.E. 2008. [Risk factors for bovine herpesvirus 1 infection in cattle herds in the West region of Parana State.] Fatores de risco associados à infecção pelo herpesvírus bovino 1 em rebanhos bovinos da região Oeste do Estado do Paraná. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 28(3):161-168. Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Estadual de Londrina. Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid 380, Cx. Postal 6001, Londrina, PR 86051-990, Brazil. E-mail: muller@uel.br The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of positive herds and to identify the risk factors for BoHV-1 infection in breeding cattle herds in the Western region of Parana State. The statistic delineation, the serum samples and information regarding the selected farms, were the same employed in the study of bovine brucellosis for Parana State in the context of National Program for Control and Eradication of Brucellosis and Tuberculosis. The sampling was performed in two stages. Blood samples were collected from 1930 females aged ³24 months from 295 non vaccinated herds. Serum samples were tested for antibodies against BoHV-1 using an indirect ELISA. The epidemiological questionnaire was applied on all the selected farms and aimed to obtain epidemiological data. Hundred ninety of the 295 herds were positive for BoHV-1, presenting prevalence of positive herds of 64.41% [58.65-69.87%]. The number (³23) of females aged 24 months (OR=2.22; IC: 1.09-4.51), purchased cattle (OR=2.68; IC: 1.48-4.82), use of common grass (OR=5.93; IC: 1.31-26.82), history of abortion in the last 12 months (OR=2.37; IC: 1.09-5.16) and presence of wildlife animals (OR=8.86; IC: 1.11-70.73) were identified as risk factors for BoHV-1 infection in the multivariate logistic regression. These results indicate that BoHV-1 infection is widespread in the studied region and that factors related to the herd characteristic and management are associated with the infection.

• Prevalence epidemiology risk factors bovine herpesvirus 1 indirect ELISA

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Dias J.A., Alfieri, A.A., Medici, K.C., Freitas, J.C., Ferreira-Neto J.S. & Müller E.E. 2008. [Risk factors for bovine herpesvirus 1 infection in cattle herds in the West region of Parana State.] Fatores de risco associados à infecção pelo herpesvírus bovino 1 em rebanhos bovinos da região Oeste do Estado do Paraná. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 28(3):161-168. Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Estadual de Londrina. Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid 380, Cx. Postal 6001, Londrina, PR 86051-990, Brazil. E-mail: muller@uel.br The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of positive herds and to identify the risk factors for BoHV-1 infection in breeding cattle herds in the Western region of Parana State. The statistic delineation, the serum samples and information regarding the selected farms, were the same employed in the study of bovine brucellosis for Parana State in the context of National Program for Control and Eradication of Brucellosis and Tuberculosis. The sampling was performed in two stages. Blood samples were collected from 1930 females aged ³24 months from 295 non vaccinated herds. Serum samples were tested for antibodies against BoHV-1 using an indirect ELISA. The epidemiological questionnaire was applied on all the selected farms and aimed to obtain epidemiological data. Hundred ninety of the 295 herds were positive for BoHV-1, presenting prevalence of positive herds of 64.41% [58.65-69.87%]. The number (³23) of females aged 24 months (OR=2.22; IC: 1.09-4.51), purchased cattle (OR=2.68; IC: 1.48-4.82), use of common grass (OR=5.93; IC: 1.31-26.82), history of abortion in the last 12 months (OR=2.37; IC: 1.09-5.16) and presence of wildlife animals (OR=8.86; IC: 1.11-70.73) were identified as risk factors for BoHV-1 infection in the multivariate logistic regression. These results indicate that BoHV-1 infection is widespread in the studied region and that factors related to the herd characteristic and management are associated with the infection.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- França T.N., Ribeiro C.T., Bezerra P.S., Döbereiner J., Cerqueira V.D. & Peixoto P.V. 2008. [Outbreaks of Proliferative Haemorrhagic Enteropathy (Lawsonia intracelullaris) in swine in Rio de Janeiro state.] Surtos de Enteropatia Proliferativa Hemorrágica (Lawsonia intracelullaris) em suínos no Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 28(3):174-182. Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Estácio de Sá, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 22783-320, Brazil. E-mail: ticianafranca@terra.com.br Outbreaks of infection of swine with Lawsonia intracelullaris in the state of Rio de Janeiro are described. The symptomathology was characterized by bloody diarrhea with peracute course. Postmortem findings were pale organs and tissues, reticulate aspect of the ileum with its mucosa moderately thickened nad contained large amounts of partially coagulated blood. Histopathological examination revealed hyperplastic epithelial cell proliferation of the Lieberkühn crypts, sometimes associated with inflammatory and necrotic alterations. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated the presence of large amounts of bacteria in the cytoplasm of the cryptal epithelial cells. L. intracellularis was also seen by ultramicroscopic examination. These outbreaks occurred in 1987 and this is the first report of the disease in the state of Rio de Janeiro.

• Lawsonia intracellularis Proliferative Haemorrhagic Enteropathy swine Rio de Janeiro

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- França T.N., Ribeiro C.T., Bezerra P.S., Döbereiner J., Cerqueira V.D. & Peixoto P.V. 2008. [Outbreaks of Proliferative Haemorrhagic Enteropathy (Lawsonia intracelullaris) in swine in Rio de Janeiro state.] Surtos de Enteropatia Proliferativa Hemorrágica (Lawsonia intracelullaris) em suínos no Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 28(3):174-182. Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Estácio de Sá, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 22783-320, Brazil. E-mail: ticianafranca@terra.com.br Outbreaks of infection of swine with Lawsonia intracelullaris in the state of Rio de Janeiro are described. The symptomathology was characterized by bloody diarrhea with peracute course. Postmortem findings were pale organs and tissues, reticulate aspect of the ileum with its mucosa moderately thickened nad contained large amounts of partially coagulated blood. Histopathological examination revealed hyperplastic epithelial cell proliferation of the Lieberkühn crypts, sometimes associated with inflammatory and necrotic alterations. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated the presence of large amounts of bacteria in the cytoplasm of the cryptal epithelial cells. L. intracellularis was also seen by ultramicroscopic examination. These outbreaks occurred in 1987 and this is the first report of the disease in the state of Rio de Janeiro.