PESQUISA VETERINÁRIA BRASILEIRA

Abstract in English:

Adenoviral gizzard erosions have been affecting domestic and wild birds worldwide, highlighting the need for new diagnostic approaches. Therefore, this study aimed to identify and score gizzard lesions caused by fowl adenovirus serotype 1 (FAdV-1) in chickens of different ages from commercial farms located in two states of the South and Central-West regions of Brazil, as well as to apply the fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) technique as a diagnostic tool. A total of 56 samples were collected from broilers aged between 1 and 45 days, showing poor performance and suspected gizzard erosion or ulceration. Samples were analyzed macroscopically and histologically, and the presence of the agent was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and FISH techniques. Macroscopically, only 5.35% of the gizzards presented lesions, classified as grades 1 and 2, corresponding to Group 1 (66.67%) and Group 2 (33.33%), respectively. The lesions were focal to multifocal, whitish, and resembled the detachment of the koilin membrane, measuring approximately 0.4 cm in diameter. Histologically, 92.85% of the analyzed samples showed alterations: 9.61% presented only koilin membrane rarefaction (grade 1), 50% exhibited lymphocytic and granulocytic ventriculitis with fragmentation or erosion of the koilin layer (grade 2), and 40.38% showed fibrosis associated with ventriculitis and erosion of the koilin layer. Intranuclear inclusion bodies were also observed in 26.78% of the samples. Positive signals for FAdV-1 were detected in 57.14% and 30.35% of the samples analyzed by FISH and PCR, respectively. Broilers aged one to two weeks exhibited acute lesions, while those aged three weeks or older presented chronic lesions. The chronicity of the lesions, associated with lower viral load in the tissues of broilers older than three weeks, negatively influenced the PCR results. In conclusion, different degrees of gizzard erosion were identified in chickens of various ages in Brazil. The FISH technique can be used as a diagnostic method for the detection of FAdV-1 in gizzard tissues.

• Avian pathology broilers diagnosis FISH gizzard erosion histopathology

Abstract in Portuguese:

As erosões da moela de origem adenoviral têm afetado aves domésticas e silvestres em todo o mundo, indicando a necessidade de investigar novas técnicas de detecção. Diante disso, este estudo teve como objetivo identificar e pontuar lesões ventriculares causadas por adenovírus aviário sorotipo 1 (FAdV-1) em aves de diferentes faixas etárias provenientes de granjas de frangos localizadas em dois estados das regiões Sul e Centro-Oeste do Brasil, além de aplicar a técnica de hibridização fluorescente in situ (FISH) como ferramenta diagnóstica. Foram coletadas 56 amostras de aves com idades entre 1 e 45 dias, apresentando baixo desempenho zootécnico e suspeita de erosão ou ulceração da moela. As amostras foram submetidas à análise macroscópica e histológica, e a presença do agente foi confirmada pelas técnicas de reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR) e FISH. Macroscopicamente, apenas 5,35% das moelas apresentaram lesões, classificadas como graus 1 e 2, pertencentes ao Grupo 1 (66,67%) e ao Grupo 2 (33,33%), respectivamente. As lesões eram focais a multifocais, de coloração esbranquiçada, semelhantes ao descolamento da membrana de coilina, medindo aproximadamente 0,4 cm de diâmetro. Histologicamente, 92,85% das amostras apresentaram alterações: 9,61% mostraram apenas rarefação da membrana de coilina (grau 1), 50% exibiram ventriculite linfocítica e granulocítica associada à fragmentação ou erosão da camada de coilina (grau 2), e 40,38% apresentaram fibrose associada à ventriculite e erosão da camada de coilina. Corpúsculos de inclusão intranucleares foram observados em 26,78% das amostras. Sinais positivos para FAdV-1 foram detectados em 57,14% e 30,35% das amostras analisadas pelas técnicas de FISH e PCR, respectivamente. Aves com uma a duas semanas de idade apresentaram lesões agudas, enquanto aquelas com três semanas ou mais apresentaram lesões crônicas. A cronificação das lesões, associada à menor carga viral nos tecidos de aves com mais de três semanas de idade, influenciou negativamente o desempenho da PCR. Em conclusão, foram identificados diferentes graus de erosão da moela em frangos de distintas idades no Brasil. A técnica de FISH pode ser utilizada como um método diagnóstico para detecção de FAdV-1 em tecidos ventriculares.

• Patologia aviária frangos de corte diagnostico FISH erosão de moela histopatologia

Abstract in English:

Diseases related to lipid metabolism disorders are reported in several orders of birds, especially in psittacines, and include obesity, atherosclerosis, hepatic lipidosis, egg yolk coelomitis, lipomas, liposarcomas, xanthomas and xanthogranulomas. This study describes epidemiological, clinical and anatomopathological aspects of 28 cases involving lipid-related lesions in wild and pet birds from Northeastern Brazil. The cases were selected from 313 avian patients referred to the UFPB Veterinary Hospital from 2018 to 2022. Lipid-related tumors were the most frequent lesions, followed by obesity, hepatic steatosis, egg yolk coelomitis, atherosclerosis and lipemia. The Psittaciformes order was the most affected, and an erroneous diet (excess consumption of sunflower seeds, bread, crackers, rice, etc.) was identified as the main risk factor for the development of these lesions, which reinforces the need to warn bird owners and caretakers about the importance of adequate nutrition. Forty-nine percent of the reported tumors were in the pericloacal region, which makes lipomas and xanthomas an important differential diagnosis for nodules in this location of birds, especially psittacids.

• Atherosclerosis avian pathology lipoma xanthomas lipid birds Brazil

Abstract in Portuguese:

Doenças relacionadas à desordens no metabolismo dos lipídeos são reportadas em diversas ordens de aves, especialmente em piscítacídeos e incluem obesidade, aterosclerose, lipidose hepática, celomite por gema de ovo, lipomas, lipossarcomas, xantomas e xantogranulomas. Este estudo descreve aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos e anatomopatológicos de 28 casos envolvendo lesões relacionadas a lipídeos em aves silvestres e pet no Nordeste Brasileiro. Os casos foram selecionados de um total de 313 aves atendidas entre 2018 e 2022 no Hospital Veterinário da UFPB. Tumores relacionados a lipídeos foram as lesões mais relatadas, seguido por obesidade, esteatose hepática, celomite por gema de ovo, aterosclerose e lipemia. A ordem Piscitaciforme foi a mais acometida e dieta errônea (Excesso de sementes de girassol, pão, bolacha, arroz, etc.) foi identificado como o principal fator de risco para o desenvolvimento das lesões, o que reforça a necessidade de advertir os tutores quanto a importância da alimentação adequada. Quarenta e nove por cento dos tumores relatados estavam na região pericloacal, o que torna lipomas e xantomas um diagnóstico diferencial importante para nódulos nessa localização em aves, principalmente psitacídeos.

• Aterosclerose lipoma patologia aviária xantomas lipídeos aves Brasil

Abstract in English:

Beltrão N., Furian T.Q., Leão J.A., Pereira R.A., Moraes L.B. & Canal C.W. 2004. [Detection of infectious laryngotracheitis virus in chickens in Brazil.] Detecção do vírus da laringotraqueíte das galinhas no Brasil. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 24(2):85-88. Centro de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa em Patologia Aviária (CDPA), Faculdade de Veterinária, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS 91540-000, Brazil. E-mail: nilzaneb@hotmail.com A study was carried out in search for evidences of infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV) infections in some Brazilian chicken flocks. Tracheal tissues and swabs were collected from 10 different flocks of layers and broilers displaying respiratory signs of disease. Samples were processes for virus isolation in embryonated eggs and the membranes examined by histopathology. In addition, specimens were examined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Three flocks had ILTV positive chickens by virus isolation and PCR. These results confirm the occurrence of ILTV in chickens in Brazil.

• Infectious laryngotracheitis virus PCR virus isolation avian pathology.

Abstract in Portuguese:

Beltrão N., Furian T.Q., Leão J.A., Pereira R.A., Moraes L.B. & Canal C.W. 2004. [Detection of infectious laryngotracheitis virus in chickens in Brazil.] Detecção do vírus da laringotraqueíte das galinhas no Brasil. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 24(2):85-88. Centro de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa em Patologia Aviária (CDPA), Faculdade de Veterinária, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS 91540-000, Brazil. E-mail: nilzaneb@hotmail.com A study was carried out in search for evidences of infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV) infections in some Brazilian chicken flocks. Tracheal tissues and swabs were collected from 10 different flocks of layers and broilers displaying respiratory signs of disease. Samples were processes for virus isolation in embryonated eggs and the membranes examined by histopathology. In addition, specimens were examined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Three flocks had ILTV positive chickens by virus isolation and PCR. These results confirm the occurrence of ILTV in chickens in Brazil.

Abstract in English:

Canal C.W., Ferreira D.J., Macagnan M., Fallavena L.C.B., Moraes H.L.S. & Wald V.B. 2004. Prevalence of antibodies against chicken anaemia virus (CAV) in broiler breeders in Southern Brazil. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 24(2):89-92. Centro de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa em Patologia Aviária (CDPA), Faculdade de Veterinária da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 91540-000, Brazil. E-mail: claudio.canal@ufrgs.br Chicks infected during the first two weeks of life with chicken anaemia virus (CAV) manifest clinical disease that can be avoided if the breeder hens transfer enough antibodies to their progeny. The objective of the present work was to establish the prevalence and titer of anti-CAV antibodies in some Brazilian broiler hen breeder flocks and verify in which phase of life the birds were infected. A total of 1,709 serum samples from 12 broiler hen flocks vaccinated against CAV and 64 unvaccinated flocks were analyzed for CAV antibodies with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). All non-vaccinated breeder flocks were found to be infected with CAV, with 89% of the hens tested presenting antibodies, 52% of these with titers considered high enough to protect their progeny against CAV infection. Likewise, all vaccinated hens had antibody titer to CAV capable of conferring protection to their progeny. Thus, vaccination of hens seems capable of conferring protection to chicks against clinically apparent CAV-associated disease.

• Antibodies avian pathology chicken anemia virus CAV epidemiology prevalence.

Abstract in Portuguese:

Canal C.W., Ferreira D.J., Macagnan M., Fallavena L.C.B., Moraes H.L.S. & Wald V.B. 2004. Prevalence of antibodies against chicken anaemia virus (CAV) in broiler breeders in Southern Brazil. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 24(2):89-92. Centro de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa em Patologia Aviária (CDPA), Faculdade de Veterinária da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 91540-000, Brazil. E-mail: claudio.canal@ufrgs.br Chicks infected during the first two weeks of life with chicken anaemia virus (CAV) manifest clinical disease that can be avoided if the breeder hens transfer enough antibodies to their progeny. The objective of the present work was to establish the prevalence and titer of anti-CAV antibodies in some Brazilian broiler hen breeder flocks and verify in which phase of life the birds were infected. A total of 1,709 serum samples from 12 broiler hen flocks vaccinated against CAV and 64 unvaccinated flocks were analyzed for CAV antibodies with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). All non-vaccinated breeder flocks were found to be infected with CAV, with 89% of the hens tested presenting antibodies, 52% of these with titers considered high enough to protect their progeny against CAV infection. Likewise, all vaccinated hens had antibody titer to CAV capable of conferring protection to their progeny. Thus, vaccination of hens seems capable of conferring protection to chicks against clinically apparent CAV-associated disease.