PESQUISA VETERINÁRIA BRASILEIRA

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Portela R.A., Carvalho K.S., Ahid S.M.M., Felippe-Bauer M.L. & Riet-Correa F. 2012. [Sazonal allergic dermatitis in hair sheep from northeastern Brazil.] Dermatite alérgica sazonal em ovinos deslanados no Nordeste do Brasil. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 32(6):471-476. Hospital Veterinário, Centro de Saúde e Tecnologia Rural, Campus de Patos, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Patos, PB 58700-970, Brazil. E-mail: franklin.riet@pq.cnpq.br Seasonal allergic dermatitis is reported in a flock of 40 hair sheep of the Santa Inês breed, in the county of Jucurutú, State of Rio Grande do Norte, in the semiarid region of Northeastern Brazil. For the epidemiologic and clinical observations the farm was visited periodically from 2007 to 2010. The flock was raised extensively in a Paddock crossed by the Piranhas river, and had also a permanent pond. Between 2007 and 2009, 13 (32.5%) sheep out of 40 were affected. The lesions were observed during the raining season, regressed total or partially during the dry season, and reappeared in the next raining period. Sheep removed to other region recovered. At the end of 2009, all affected sheep were removed from the flock. Three new cases appeared in 2010. The skin of the affected sheep was whitish, irregularly thickened, with alopecia, crusts, and intense pruritus. Those lesions were localized more frequently in the head (ears and periocular and frontal regions) but in some animals the dorsum and croup were also affected. Histologic lesions of the epidermis were hyperkeratosis, acanthosis, hypergranulosis, and moderate spongiosis. The dermis showed infiltration by eosinophils, macrophages and plasma cells, mainly perivascular. The hair follicles showed keratosis and the sudoriparous glands were dilated. No changes were observed in the differential blood count. In April and June 2010 insects were captured by the use of CDC light trap. Forty three out of 110 dipterous captured were identified as Culicoides insignis Lutz. It is concluded that the disease is a seasonal allergic dermatitis associated with C. insignis bites.

• Dermatitis Culicoides insignis skin diseases dermatite pele

Abstract in Portuguese:

RESUMO.- Portela R.A., Carvalho K.S., Ahid S.M.M., Felippe-Bauer M.L. & Riet-Correa F. 2012. [Sazonal allergic dermatitis in hair sheep from northeastern Brazil.] Dermatite alérgica sazonal em ovinos deslanados no Nordeste do Brasil. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 32(6):471-476. Hospital Veterinário, Centro de Saúde e Tecnologia Rural, Campus de Patos, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Patos, PB 58700-970, Brazil. E-mail: franklin.riet@pq.cnpq.br Dermatite alérgica sazonal foi diagnosticada em um rebanho de 40 ovinos da raça Santa Inês no município de Jucurutú, Estado de Rio Grande do Norte. Para o estudo epidemiológico e observação dos sinais clínicos a propriedade foi visitada periodicamente entre 2007 e 2010. Os ovinos eram criados extensivamente em campo nativo cortado pelo rio Piranhas e com um açude permanente. Entre 2007 e 2009 adoeceram 13 (32,5%) ovinos de um total de 40. As lesões eram observadas durante a época da chuva e regrediam total ou parcialmente durante a seca, reaparecendo no próximo período chuvoso. Os animais que foram retirados da área se recuperaram. No final de 2009 foram eliminados os animais susceptíveis e três novos casos apareceram em 2010. A pele apresentava lesões alopécicas, crostosas, enrugadas, esbranquiçadas e com intenso prurido, localizados na região da cabeça (orelhas, ao redor dos olhos e região frontal), região dorsal do corpo e garupa. Histologicamente, a epiderme apresentou hiperqueratose, acantose, hipergranulose e moderada espongiose. Na derme havia infiltrado inflamatório, principalmente perivascular, composto por eosinófilos, macrófagos e plasmócitos. Observou-se queratose de folículos pilosos e dilatação das glândulas sudoríparas. No hemograma, os valores de todos os animais estavam dentro dos valores normais. Em abril e junho de 2010 foram realizadas capturas de insetos com armadilhas luminosas CDC, sendo 110 dípteros capturados, dos quais 43 foram identificados como Culicoides insignis Lutz. Considerando que esta espécie tem sido associada à dermatite alérgica em outras regiões conclui-se que a doença é uma dermatite alérgica sazonal associada à picada de C. insignis.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Pessoa A.F.A, Miranda Neto E.G., Pessoa C.R.M., Simões S.V.D., Azevedo S.S. & Riet-Correa F. 2012. [Acute abdomen in equidae in the semiarid of the Brazilian Northeast.] Abdômen agudo em equídeos no semiárido do Nordeste do Brasil. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 32(6):503-509. Hospital Veterinário, Centro de Saúde e Tecnologia Rural, Campus de Patos, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Patos, PB 58700-070, Brazil. E-mail: franklin.riet@pq.cnpq.br The cases of equidae acute abdomen diagnosed in the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Campina Grande, in the semiarid of the Brazilian Northeast were reviewed. From January 2001 to December 2011, 70 (4.5%) equidae out of 1542 were affected by colic, including 60 horses, 4 mules, and 6 donkeys. Large colon impaction diagnosed in 37.14% of the cases was the most frequent cause of colic, followed by small colon impaction (10%) and foreign body in the small colon (7.14%). In four cases, colics were caused by phytobezoars in the large gut, two of which were associated with the ingestion of large amounts of fresh Prosopis juliflora pods. Six cases of colic by foreign bodies, mainly plastic bags, were observed, five located in the small colon and one in the large colon. Strangulating small intestinal lesions were observed in four cases. Other causes of colic were spasmodic colic (two cases due to gastrointestinal parasites and two due to consumption of home residues), and gastric impaction (three cases). Large colon displacement was diagnosed twice. Laceration of the small colon, cecal torsion, and bloat by ingestion of Manihot esculenta were diagnosed once. The main risk factor for the occurrence of colic was the ingestion of choped Pennisetum purpureum, Brachiaria spp., Sorghum spp. or Echinochloa polystachya (OR=4.03; P=0.007). As a result of the low quality of the foods the frequency of colic was significantly higher during the dry season (second semester) (OR=2.61; P<0.01). It is concluded that feeding with low quality forages during the dry season contributes with the high frequency of cases of colic in the Brazilian semiarid, and that is necessary to improve food quality and food management to try to decrease the frequency of this syndrome in the region.

• Colic compaction phytobezoars cólica compactação fitobezoares

Abstract in Portuguese:

RESUMO.- Pessoa A.F.A, Miranda Neto E.G., Pessoa C.R.M., Simões S.V.D., Azevedo S.S. & Riet-Correa F. 2012. [Acute abdomen in equidae in the semiarid of the Brazilian Northeast.] Abdômen agudo em equídeos no semiárido do Nordeste do Brasil. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 32(6):503-509. Hospital Veterinário, Centro de Saúde e Tecnologia Rural, Campus de Patos, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Patos, PB 58700-070, Brazil. E-mail: franklin.riet@pq.cnpq.br Foram revisados os casos de abdômen agudo de origem gastrintestinal em equídeos atendidos no Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, em Patos, Paraíba. No período de janeiro de 2001 a dezembro de 2010. Setenta (4,5%) do total de 1542 equídeos atendidos no período apresentaram quadro clínico de cólica, sendo 60 equinos, cinco muares e cinco asininos. A compactação de cólon maior foi a causa mais frequente de cólica, diagnosticada em 37,14% dos casos, seguida por compactação de cólon menor (10%) e corpo estranho de cólon menor (7,14%). Em quatro casos as cólicas foram causadas pela presença de fitobezoares no intestino grosso, sendo dois deles associados ao consumo de vagens de Prosopis juliflora. Em cinco casos foi observada a presença de corpos estranhos no cólon menor e em um caso os corposestranhos foram encontrados no cólon maior, sendo principalmente sacos plásticos. As lesões estrangulantes do intestino delgado foram observadas em quatro casos. Outras causas foram cólica espasmódica (dois casos por parasitose e dois por ingestão de resíduos domiciliares), sobrecarga gástrica (três casos) e deslocamento de cólon maior que foi diagnosticado em dois animais. Laceração de cólon menor, torção de ceco, compactação de ceco e timpanismo por consumo de Manihot esculenta foram diagnosticados em uma única ocasião. O principal fator de risco para o desenvolvimento de cólicas foi o consumo de Pennisetum purpureum, Brachiaria decumbens, Sorghum spp. ou Echinochloa polystachya picados manualmente ou em picotadeira ou triturados em forrageira (OR=4,03; P=0,007). Como resultado da baixa qualidade dos alimentos ingeridos, a frequência dos atendimentos de equídeos portadores de cólica foi significativamente maior no segundo semestre (época da seca na região estudada) (OR=2,61; P<0,01). Concluiu-se que a oferta de volumoso de baixa qualidade na seca contribui para a alta frequência de casos de cólica e que o manejo alimentar tem um papel importante na ocorrência da doença e, por isso, a sua melhoria pode influenciar positivamente na redução do número de casos de cólica em equídeos no semiárido nordestino.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Ferreira D.R.A., Laroque P.O., Wagner P.G.C.W., Higino S.S.S., Azevedo S.S., Rego E.W. & Mota R.A. 2011. [Occurrence of antibodies and risk factors associated with Leptospira spp. infection in capitivity Cebus spp. from Northeast of Brazil.] Ocorrência de anticorpos e fatores de risco associados à infecção por Leptospira spp. em Cebus spp. mantidos em cativeiro no Nordeste do Brasil. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 31(11):1019-1023. Laboratório de Doenças Infecciosas dos Animais Domésticos, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manuel de Medeiros s/n, Dois Irmãos, Recife, PE 52171-900. E-mail: rinaldo.mota@hotmail.com This study aimed to verify the occurrence of anti-Leptospira antibodies and the risk factors associated with infection in the Cebus spp. mantained in captivity in the northeast of Brazil. One hundred and thirty nine blood samples of different species of primates of both sexes and varied ages were analyzed. For the study of antibodies the Microscopic Agglutination Test (MAT) was used, and for the risk factor study a multivariate analysis was used. Antibodies anti-Leptospira, serovar Patoc were observed in 6.5% of primates (09/139). The risk factor identified in this study was the lack of daily hygienization of drinking fountains (Odds ratio=12.095; IC 95% = 1.73-84.52; p=0.012,). The conclusion of the study was that the Cebus population maintained in captivity in the northeast of Brazil is exposed to infection by antibodies anti-Leptospira and that corrective measures of animal handling, especially those related to daily hygienization of drinking fountains, must be implemented to reduce the risk of infection by serovars of Leptospira spp.

• Leptospira spp. Cebus spp. leptospirosis leptospirose

Abstract in Portuguese:

RESUMO.- Ferreira D.R.A., Laroque P.O., Wagner P.G.C.W., Higino S.S.S., Azevedo S.S., Rego E.W. & Mota R.A. 2011. [Occurrence of antibodies and risk factors associated with Leptospira spp. infection in capitivity Cebus spp. from Northeast of Brazil.] Ocorrência de anticorpos e fatores de risco associados à infecção por Leptospira spp. em Cebus spp. mantidos em cativeiro no Nordeste do Brasil. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 31(11):1019-1023. Laboratório de Doenças Infecciosas dos Animais Domésticos, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manuel de Medeiros s/n, Dois Irmãos, Recife, PE 52171-900. E-mail: rinaldo.mota@hotmail.com Estudou-se a ocorrência de anticorpos anti-Leptospira e os fatores de risco associados à infecção em primatas do gênero Cebus mantidos em cativeiro no Nordeste do Brasil. Foram analisadas 139 amostras de soro sanguíneo de diferentes espécies de primatas de ambos os sexos e idades variadas. Para a pesquisa de anticorpos empregou-se a técnica de Soroaglutinação Microscópica (SAM) e para estudo dos fatores de risco utilizou-se análise multivariada. Foram observados anticorpos anti-Leptospira, sorovar Patoc em 6,5% dos primatas (09/139). O fator de risco identificado nesse estudo foi a não higienização diária de bebedouros (Odds ratio=12,095; IC 95% = 1,73-84,52; p=0,012,). Conclui-se que a população de Cebus mantidos em cativeiros no Nordeste do Brasil está exposta à infecção por anticorpos anti-Leptospira e que medidas corretivas de manejo dos animais, especificamente aquelas relacionadas à higienização diária de bebedouros devem ser implementadas para reduzir o risco de infecção por sorovares de Leptospira spp.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Medeiros E.S., Barbosa S.B.P., Jatobá R.B., Azevedo S.S., Pinheiro Junior J.W., Saukas T.N., Albuquerque P.P.F. & Mota R.A. 2011. [Somatic cell count profile in intramammary infection of buffaloes from the Brazilian Northeast.] Perfil da contagem de células somáticas na infecção intramamária em búfalas na Região Nordeste do Brasil. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 31(3):219-223. Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manoel de Medeiros s/n, Dois Irmãos, Recife, PE 51171-900, Brazil. E-mail: rinaldo.mota@hotmail.com The aim of this study was to evaluate the somatic cell profile in the subclinical mastitis in dairy buffaloes in the Brazilian Northeastern. One thousand eight hundred ninety six milk samples from 474 buffaloes proceeding from four dairy farms located in the states of Pernambuco, Alagoas, Bahia and Ceará were analyzed. The lactic secretion was submitted to the California Mastitis Test (CMT) and the positive samples, from two crosses on were collected for the somatic cell count (SCC) and microbiologic exam. It was observed that the positive samples at the microbiologic exam presented SCC between 280,000 and 401,000 cells/mL with median of 328,000 cells/mL. It was concluded that SCC values above 280,000 cells/mL is an indication of mammary gland infection, however, the microbiologic exam of the milk is the best method for the diagnostic of subclinical mastitis in buffaloes. The observation of Staphylococcus coagulase-negative exerting influence in the SCC elevation must be subject of further studies in order to elucidate the pathogenicity of this group of microorganisms in mastitis of buffaloes.

• Mastitis mastite

Abstract in Portuguese:

RESUMO.- Objetivou-se com esse estudo avaliar o perfil de células somáticas na mastite subclínica em búfalas leiteiras no Nordeste do Brasil. Foram analisadas 1896 amostras de leite de 474 búfalas procedentes de quatro propriedades de exploração leiteira nos Estados de Pernambuco, Alagoas, Bahia e Ceará. A secreção láctea de cada teto foi submetida ao Califórnia Mastitis Test (CMT) e as amostras positivas, a partir de duas cruzes foram coletadas para realização da contagem de células somáticas (CCS) e exame microbiológico. Observou-se que as amostras positivas no exame microbiológico apresentaram CCS entre 280.000 a 401.000 cel/mL com mediana de 328.000 cel/mL. Conclui-se que valores de CCS acima de 280.000 cel/mL é um indicativo de infecção da glândula mamária, contudo o exame microbiológico do leite é o melhor método para diagnóstico da mastite subclínica em búfalas. A observação dos Staphylococcus coagulase negativa exercendo influência na elevação da CCS deve ser objeto de outros estudos para elucidar a patogenicidade desse grupo de microrganismos na mastite de búfalas.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Costa V.M.M., Simões S.V.D & Riet-Correa F. 2011. [Gastro-intestinal nematodes control in goats and sheep in the semiarid region northeastern Brazil.] Controle das parasitoses gastrintestinais em ovinos e caprinos na região semiárida do Nordeste do Brasil. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 31(1):65-71. Hospital Veterinário, Centro de Saúde e Tecnologia Rural, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Patos, PB 58700-970, Brazil. E-mail: valery.medeiros@hotmail.com This paper reviews some important concepts to be considered for the control of gastro-intestinal nematode parasites of sheep and goats, including the epidemiology of this parasitic disease in the Brazilian semiarid, and the occurrence of anti-helminthic resistance in the region. Considering the widespread use of preventive treatments during the dry season, new alternatives for the control of gastrointestinal parasites are recommended, taking into account the parasite integrated control system and the use of methods to allow the presence of susceptible parasites in the refugia. Differences between sheep and goats are discussed, taking into account the higher susceptibility of goats and the necessity to use larger doses in goats than in sheep for most anti-helminthics.

• Anti-helminthics gastrointestinal nematodes anti-helminthic resistance anti-helmínticos nematódeos gastrintestinais resistência anti-helmíntica

Abstract in Portuguese:

RESUMO.- Costa V.M.M., Simões S.V.D & Riet-Correa F. 2011. [Gastro-intestinal nematodes control in goats and sheep in the semiarid region northeastern Brazil.] Controle das parasitoses gastrintestinais em ovinos e caprinos na região semiárida do Nordeste do Brasil. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 31(1):65-71. Hospital Veterinário, Centro de Saúde e Tecnologia Rural, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Patos, PB 58700-970, Brazil. E-mail: valery.medeiros@hotmail.com Neste artigo são revisados alguns conceitos importantes a serem considerados para o controle de parasitas gastrintestinais em caprinos e ovinos. Descrevem-se as características epidemiológicas desta parasitose no semiárido e o aparecimento de resistência aos anti-helmínticos na região. São propostas alternativas para o controle da doença levando em consideração, principalmente, a adoção de técnicas de controle integrado de parasitas com uma mudança nos sistemas de tratamento preventivo para sistemas que permitam a sobrevivência de parasitas susceptíveis na refugia. São discutidas as diferenças entre caprinos e ovinos, considerando que os caprinos são mais susceptíveis e que para maioria das drogas devem ser tratados com doses maiores.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Oliveira F.C.S., Azevedo S.S., Pinheiro S.R., Batista C.S.A., Moraes Z.M, Souza G.O., Gonçales A.P. & Vasconcellos S.A. 2010. [Risk factors associated with leptospirosis in cows in the state of Bahia, northeastern Brazil.] Fatores de risco para a leptospirose em fêmeas bovinas em idade reprodutiva no Estado da Bahia, Nordeste do Brasil. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 30(5):398-402. Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, São Paulo, SP 05508-270, Brazil. E-mail: savasco@usp.br Risk factors associated with leptospirosis were identified in cows in the state of Bahia, northeastern Brazil. A total of 10,823 cows with > 24 months of age from 1,414 herds were randomly sampled. For the serological diagnosis of Leptospira spp. infection, the microscopic agglutination test (MAT) was carried out using 24 serovars as antigens. A herd was considered positive when presented at least one seropositive animal. Of the 1,414 investigated herds, 1,076 (77.9%; 95% CI = 75.7-80.0%) presented at least one reactant animal at MAT to any serovar. Serovar Hardjo (Hardjoprajitno) was the most prevalent, with 34.49% (95% CI = 31.97-37.14%) of the positive herds. Presence of more than 28 bovine females in reproductive age (OR=2.11; p<0.001), presence of cervids (OR=2.02; p=0.010), animal purchase (OR=1.57; p<0.001), to slaughter animals in the property (OR=1.58; p=0.030) and to share pasture (OR=1.63; p<0.001) were identified as risk factors for leptospirosis due to any serovar. Risk factors for leptospirosis due to serovar Hardjo (Hardjoprajitno) were presence of swine (OR=1.28; p=0.040) and animal purchase (OR=1.48; p<0.001).

• Leptospirosis leptospirose

Abstract in Portuguese:

RESUMO.- Oliveira F.C.S., Azevedo S.S., Pinheiro S.R., Batista C.S.A., Moraes Z.M, Souza G.O., Gonçales A.P. & Vasconcellos S.A. 2010. [Risk factors associated with leptospirosis in cows in the state of Bahia, northeastern Brazil.] Fatores de risco para a leptospirose em fêmeas bovinas em idade reprodutiva no Estado da Bahia, Nordeste do Brasil. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 30(5):398-402. Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, São Paulo, SP 05508-270, Brazil. E-mail: savasco@usp.br Foram identificados fatores de risco associados à leptospirose em fêmeas bovinas em idade reprodutiva no Estado da Bahia. Foram amostradas aleatoriamente 10.823 fêmeas bovinas com idade igual ou superior a 24 meses procedentes de 1.414 propriedades. Para o diagnóstico sorológico da infecção por Leptospira spp., foi utilizada a Soroaglutinação Microscópica (SAM) utilizando 24 sorovares como antígenos. Um rebanho foi considerado foco quando apresentou pelo menos um animal soropositivo. Das 1.414 propriedades investigadas, 1.076 (77,9%; IC 95% = 75,7-80,0%) apresentaram pelo menos um animal reagente na SAM para qualquer sorovar. O sorovar Hardjo (Hardjoprajitno) foi o mais prevalente, com 34,49% (IC 95% = 31,97-37,14%) das propriedades positivas. Presença de mais de 28 fêmeas bovinas em idade reprodutiva no rebanho (OR=2,11; p<0,001), presença de cervídeos (OR=2,02; p=0,010), compra de animais (OR=1,57; p<0,001), abate de animais na própria fazenda (OR=1,58; p=0,030) e utilização de partos compartilhados (OR=1,63; p<0,001) foram identificados como fatores de risco para leptospirose por qualquer sorovar. Os fatores de risco para leptospirose pelo sorovar Hardjo (Hardjoprajitno) foram a presença de suínos (OR=1,28; p=0, 040) e a compra de animais (OR=1,48; p<0,001).

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Silva K.P.C., Mota R.A., Cunha A.P., Silva L.B.G., Leal N.C., Cavalcante Y.V.N., Teles J.A.A., Pereira M.C.C. & Freitas N.S. 2009. [Phenotypic and molecular characterization of Burkholderia mallei isolated in northeastern Brazil.] Caracterização fenotípica e molecular de amostras de Burkholderia mallei isoladas na Região Nordeste do Brasil. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(5):439-444. Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Dois Irmãos, Recife, PE 52171-900, Brazil. E-mail: rinaldo.mota@hotmail.com The objective of this paper was to study the molecular performance and phenotypic characterization of Burkholderia mallei isolated from horses with clinical and serological diagnosis of glanders, originating from the Metropolitan District of Recife and Zona da Mata of Pernambuco and Alagoas. The isolation and biochemical identification of B. mallei was carried out by microbiological and molecular techniques of PCR-fingerprinting and RAPD-PCR. From the eight samples studied, four showed little phenotype variations. In the molecular tests, the samples formed 4 groups of different ribotype profiles and 4 genotype profiles. There was some association of PCR-fingerprinting with RAPD-PCR results. It was concluded that the slight biochemical variations were not associated with different molecular profiles. They also indicated that these differences show heterogeneity associated with the origin of the sample, indicating that the infection was caused by clones of different strains and that the polymorphism of DNA observed could make it

• Burkholderia mallei glanders mormo doenças de eqüdeos

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Silva K.P.C., Mota R.A., Cunha A.P., Silva L.B.G., Leal N.C., Cavalcante Y.V.N., Teles J.A.A., Pereira M.C.C. & Freitas N.S. 2009. [Phenotypic and molecular characterization of Burkholderia mallei isolated in northeastern Brazil.] Caracterização fenotípica e molecular de amostras de Burkholderia mallei isoladas na Região Nordeste do Brasil. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(5):439-444. Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Dois Irmãos, Recife, PE 52171-900, Brazil. E-mail: rinaldo.mota@hotmail.com The objective of this paper was to study the molecular performance and phenotypic characterization of Burkholderia mallei isolated from horses with clinical and serological diagnosis of glanders, originating from the Metropolitan District of Recife and Zona da Mata of Pernambuco and Alagoas. The isolation and biochemical identification of B. mallei was carried out by microbiological and molecular techniques of PCR-fingerprinting and RAPD-PCR. From the eight samples studied, four showed little phenotype variations. In the molecular tests, the samples formed 4 groups of different ribotype profiles and 4 genotype profiles. There was some association of PCR-fingerprinting with RAPD-PCR results. It was concluded that the slight biochemical variations were not associated with different molecular profiles. They also indicated that these differences show heterogeneity associated with the origin of the sample, indicating that the infection was caused by clones of different strains and that the polymorphism of DNA observed could make it

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Batista M.C.S, Castro R.S., Rego E.W., Carvalho A.A., Silva S.M.S., Carvalho C.D.D. & Riet-Correa F. 2009. [Hematology and blood biochemistry in sheep with conidiobolomycosis in northeastern Brazil.] Hemograma, proteinograma, ionograma e dosagens bioquímicas e enzimáticas de ovinos acometidos de conidiobolomicose no Nordeste do Brasil. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(1):17-24 Departamento de Morfofisiologia Veterinária da Universidade Federal do Piauí, Campus Universitário Ministro Petrônio Portella, s/n, Bairro Ininga, Teresina, PI 64049-450, Brazil. Email: cbatista@ufpi.br Hematologic values, serum levels of albumin, globulins, total proteins, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, chloride, urea nitrogen, creatinine, total, direct and indirect bilirrubin, and serum activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkalin phosphatase (AF) and gama-glutamyltransferase (GGT) were determined in 56 hair sheep with conidiobolomycosis and 371 healthy hair sheep from the same flocks. Sheep with conidiobolomycosis had nonregenerative, normocytic and normochromic anemia, leucocytosis with neutrophilia and increased nutrophil:lymphocyte rate, moderate monocytosis, moderate thrombocytosis, hypoproteinemia (hypoglobulinemia), hypomagnesemia, hypocalcemia and increased values of phosphorus. Serum activities of AST and GGT were increased and serum activity of FA decreased. Serum values of urea and creatinine were within normal values. Hypoglycemia and hyperbilirrubinemia were also observed. These results can be used for experimental studies with the disease, for treatments trials, and to detect early cases of the disease without clinical signs. Otherwise the hematologic and blood biochemistry values of healthy sheep can be used as reference values for hair sheep in the semi-arid region of Brazil.

• Serum biochemistry hematology liver function renal function conidiobolomycosis healthy hair sheep

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Batista M.C.S, Castro R.S., Rego E.W., Carvalho A.A., Silva S.M.S., Carvalho C.D.D. & Riet-Correa F. 2009. [Hematology and blood biochemistry in sheep with conidiobolomycosis in northeastern Brazil.] Hemograma, proteinograma, ionograma e dosagens bioquímicas e enzimáticas de ovinos acometidos de conidiobolomicose no Nordeste do Brasil. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(1):17-24 Departamento de Morfofisiologia Veterinária da Universidade Federal do Piauí, Campus Universitário Ministro Petrônio Portella, s/n, Bairro Ininga, Teresina, PI 64049-450, Brazil. Email: cbatista@ufpi.br Hematologic values, serum levels of albumin, globulins, total proteins, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, chloride, urea nitrogen, creatinine, total, direct and indirect bilirrubin, and serum activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkalin phosphatase (AF) and gama-glutamyltransferase (GGT) were determined in 56 hair sheep with conidiobolomycosis and 371 healthy hair sheep from the same flocks. Sheep with conidiobolomycosis had nonregenerative, normocytic and normochromic anemia, leucocytosis with neutrophilia and increased nutrophil:lymphocyte rate, moderate monocytosis, moderate thrombocytosis, hypoproteinemia (hypoglobulinemia), hypomagnesemia, hypocalcemia and increased values of phosphorus. Serum activities of AST and GGT were increased and serum activity of FA decreased. Serum values of urea and creatinine were within normal values. Hypoglycemia and hyperbilirrubinemia were also observed. These results can be used for experimental studies with the disease, for treatments trials, and to detect early cases of the disease without clinical signs. Otherwise the hematologic and blood biochemistry values of healthy sheep can be used as reference values for hair sheep in the semi-arid region of Brazil.

Abstract in English:

Lima E.F., Riet-Correa F., Castro R.S., Gomes A.A.B. & Lima F.S. 2005. [Clinical signs, distribution of the lesions in the central nervous system and epidemiology of rabies in northeastern Brazil.] Sinais clínicos, distribuição das lesões no sistema nervoso e epidemiologia da raiva em herbívoros na região Nordeste do Brasil. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 25(4):250-264. Centro de Saúde e Tecnologia Rural, Campus de Patos, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Patos, PB 58700-000, Brazil. E-mail: riet@cstr.ufcg.br Twenty four outbreaks of rabies in cattle, 4 in horses, 2 in sheep, and 2 in goats are reported in northeastern Brazil. All outbreaks occurred in the state of Paraíba, except one in horses that occurred in the state of Rio Grande do Norte. All outbreaks, except one in sheep, were probably transmitted by vampire-bats, but the transmission by foxes (Dusicyon vetulus) is also possible. Clinical signs were characteristic for distribution of the lesions in the central nervous system (CNS). In cattle, signs were mainly of the paralytic form of rabies, caused by lesions on the spinal cord, brain stem and cerebellum; but some animals showed also depression, excitation and other signs due to cerebral lesions. In 3 out of 5 horses, the main clinical signs were due to lesions in the cerebrum, and 2 had the paralytic form. From 4 sheep and 2 goats affected, 4 showed clinical signs of the paralytic form; but in 1 goat and 1 sheep the main clinical signs were caused by cerebral lesions. All affected animals, except 1 goat, had a clinical manifestation period of 2-8 days. The only gross lesions were distention of the urinary bladder in 4 cattle and distention of the rectum in 2 others. Two horses had skin lesions due to traumatic injury. Histologic lesions were diffuse non-suppurative encephalomyelitis and meningitis. In the horses, and in one goat with a clinical manifestation period of 35 days, the lesions were more severe, with neuronal necrosis, neuronophagia, and presence of axonal spheroids. Negri bodies were found in 87% (20/23) of the cattle cases examined histologically. In small ruminants Negri bodies were found in 83% (5/6) of the cases. In sheep, goats and cattle, Negri bodies were more frequent in the cerebellum, but they were found also in brain stem, spinal cord and cerebrum. In horses, Negri bodies were found in small amounts only in the cortex of one animal, and in the cortex and hippocampus of another. Histologic lesions and Negri bodies in the trigeminal ganglia were less frequent than in the CNS. These results show that in rabies of herbivores, clinical signs and distribution of lesions in the CNS are variable, so that for the diagnosis and adequate clinical evaluation and the histologic study of different areas of the CNS are necessary. This also suggests that when the fluorescent antibody test and mouse inoculation test are negative, they should be repeated with samples from different areas of the brain and spinal cord. Frequency data of diseases from 4 diagnostic laboratories were used to estimate cattle deaths due to rabies in 3 Brazilian states. In Paraíba, with a population of 918,262 cattle, the annual death rate is estimated in 8,609 heads. In Mato Grosso do Sul, with a population of 23 millions cattle, deaths caused by rabies are estimated in 149,500 heads, and in Rio Grande do Sul, with a cattle population of 13 millions, cattle deaths due to rabies are estimated in 13,000 to 16,250 heads. If these data are used to estimate cattle losses in Brazil, with a cattle population of 195 millions, it can be estimated that 842,688 deaths are caused annually by rabies.

• Rabies cattle sheep goats horses pathology clinical signs economical impact.

Abstract in Portuguese:

Lima E.F., Riet-Correa F., Castro R.S., Gomes A.A.B. & Lima F.S. 2005. [Clinical signs, distribution of the lesions in the central nervous system and epidemiology of rabies in northeastern Brazil.] Sinais clínicos, distribuição das lesões no sistema nervoso e epidemiologia da raiva em herbívoros na região Nordeste do Brasil. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 25(4):250-264. Centro de Saúde e Tecnologia Rural, Campus de Patos, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Patos, PB 58700-000, Brazil. E-mail: riet@cstr.ufcg.br Twenty four outbreaks of rabies in cattle, 4 in horses, 2 in sheep, and 2 in goats are reported in northeastern Brazil. All outbreaks occurred in the state of Paraíba, except one in horses that occurred in the state of Rio Grande do Norte. All outbreaks, except one in sheep, were probably transmitted by vampire-bats, but the transmission by foxes (Dusicyon vetulus) is also possible. Clinical signs were characteristic for distribution of the lesions in the central nervous system (CNS). In cattle, signs were mainly of the paralytic form of rabies, caused by lesions on the spinal cord, brain stem and cerebellum; but some animals showed also depression, excitation and other signs due to cerebral lesions. In 3 out of 5 horses, the main clinical signs were due to lesions in the cerebrum, and 2 had the paralytic form. From 4 sheep and 2 goats affected, 4 showed clinical signs of the paralytic form; but in 1 goat and 1 sheep the main clinical signs were caused by cerebral lesions. All affected animals, except 1 goat, had a clinical manifestation period of 2-8 days. The only gross lesions were distention of the urinary bladder in 4 cattle and distention of the rectum in 2 others. Two horses had skin lesions due to traumatic injury. Histologic lesions were diffuse non-suppurative encephalomyelitis and meningitis. In the horses, and in one goat with a clinical manifestation period of 35 days, the lesions were more severe, with neuronal necrosis, neuronophagia, and presence of axonal spheroids. Negri bodies were found in 87% (20/23) of the cattle cases examined histologically. In small ruminants Negri bodies were found in 83% (5/6) of the cases. In sheep, goats and cattle, Negri bodies were more frequent in the cerebellum, but they were found also in brain stem, spinal cord and cerebrum. In horses, Negri bodies were found in small amounts only in the cortex of one animal, and in the cortex and hippocampus of another. Histologic lesions and Negri bodies in the trigeminal ganglia were less frequent than in the CNS. These results show that in rabies of herbivores, clinical signs and distribution of lesions in the CNS are variable, so that for the diagnosis and adequate clinical evaluation and the histologic study of different areas of the CNS are necessary. This also suggests that when the fluorescent antibody test and mouse inoculation test are negative, they should be repeated with samples from different areas of the brain and spinal cord. Frequency data of diseases from 4 diagnostic laboratories were used to estimate cattle deaths due to rabies in 3 Brazilian states. In Paraíba, with a population of 918,262 cattle, the annual death rate is estimated in 8,609 heads. In Mato Grosso do Sul, with a population of 23 millions cattle, deaths caused by rabies are estimated in 149,500 heads, and in Rio Grande do Sul, with a cattle population of 13 millions, cattle deaths due to rabies are estimated in 13,000 to 16,250 heads. If these data are used to estimate cattle losses in Brazil, with a cattle population of 195 millions, it can be estimated that 842,688 deaths are caused annually by rabies.

Abstract in English:

Lima E.F., Riet-Correa F., Tabosa I.M., Dantas A.F.M., Medeiros J.M. & Sucupira Júnior G. 2005. [Polioencephalomalacia in goats and sheep in the semiarid region of northeastern Brazil.] Polioencefalomalacia em caprinos e ovinos na região semi-árida do Nordeste do Brasil. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 25(1):9-14. Centro de Saúde e Tecnologia Rural, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Campus de Patos, 58700-000 Patos, PB, Brazil. E-mail: riet@cstr.ufcg.edu.br Seven outbreaks of polioencephalomalacia in goats and 3 in sheep are reported from the semiarid region of northeastern Brazil. Animals of different ages were affected in various seasons of the year. In 5 outbreaks the animals were supplemented with concentrate ration and in 5 others they were only grazing on pastures. In one outbreak sheep were supplemented with an energy-protein-mineral mixture containing 1.3% of sulfur flower. Clinical signs were characterized by blindness, depression, head pressing, circling, grinding of the teeth, incoordination, spastic paralysis, ataxia, depression of the palpebral and pupillary reflexes, lateral strabismus, nystagmus, and dilated pupils. Nine affected animals were treated with thiamine and dexamethasone; 7 of them recovered but 2 died. The diagnosis of the disease was based on the recovered animals after treatment and/or on the histologic lesions. The clinical course varied from 2 to 15 days. On three animals post-mortem examination was made. One had herniation of the cerebellum through the Foramen magnum and softening of the cerebral cortex. The cut surface of the cerebral cortex showed cavitation and yellowish discoloration. Another animal had only cerebellar herniation. In a third animal no gross lesions were observed. Histological changes in the 3 animals were laminar necrosis of the cerebral cortex, and in 2 malacia of the thalamus and the rostral colliculi was also observed. In 9 outbreaks the cause of the disease was not determined, but one was probably due to sulfur toxicosis caused by the high sulfur content of the energy-protein-mineral mixture containing 1.3% of sulfur flower (96% sulfur) and 30% chicken litter (0.39% sulfur).

• Polioencephalomalacia cortical necrosis goats sheep sulfur poisoning thiamine deficiency.

Abstract in Portuguese:

Lima E.F., Riet-Correa F., Tabosa I.M., Dantas A.F.M., Medeiros J.M. & Sucupira Júnior G. 2005. [Polioencephalomalacia in goats and sheep in the semiarid region of northeastern Brazil.] Polioencefalomalacia em caprinos e ovinos na região semi-árida do Nordeste do Brasil. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 25(1):9-14. Centro de Saúde e Tecnologia Rural, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Campus de Patos, 58700-000 Patos, PB, Brazil. E-mail: riet@cstr.ufcg.edu.br Seven outbreaks of polioencephalomalacia in goats and 3 in sheep are reported from the semiarid region of northeastern Brazil. Animals of different ages were affected in various seasons of the year. In 5 outbreaks the animals were supplemented with concentrate ration and in 5 others they were only grazing on pastures. In one outbreak sheep were supplemented with an energy-protein-mineral mixture containing 1.3% of sulfur flower. Clinical signs were characterized by blindness, depression, head pressing, circling, grinding of the teeth, incoordination, spastic paralysis, ataxia, depression of the palpebral and pupillary reflexes, lateral strabismus, nystagmus, and dilated pupils. Nine affected animals were treated with thiamine and dexamethasone; 7 of them recovered but 2 died. The diagnosis of the disease was based on the recovered animals after treatment and/or on the histologic lesions. The clinical course varied from 2 to 15 days. On three animals post-mortem examination was made. One had herniation of the cerebellum through the Foramen magnum and softening of the cerebral cortex. The cut surface of the cerebral cortex showed cavitation and yellowish discoloration. Another animal had only cerebellar herniation. In a third animal no gross lesions were observed. Histological changes in the 3 animals were laminar necrosis of the cerebral cortex, and in 2 malacia of the thalamus and the rostral colliculi was also observed. In 9 outbreaks the cause of the disease was not determined, but one was probably due to sulfur toxicosis caused by the high sulfur content of the energy-protein-mineral mixture containing 1.3% of sulfur flower (96% sulfur) and 30% chicken litter (0.39% sulfur).